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Medieval History > medieval terminologies > Flashcards

medieval terminologies Flashcards

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1
Q

purohita

A

Priest

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2
Q

mandalam

A

Province of Chola kingdom

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3
Q

valanadu

A

District

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4
Q

ur

A

A council

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5
Q

brahmadeya/agrahara

A

Tax-free land given to a brahmin as a gift

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6
Q

manigramam

A

Name of a merchant-guild

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7
Q

gopuram

A

Gateway of a temple

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8
Q

shikhara

A

A spire-like structure over the central shrine of a temple

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9
Q

advaita

A

A system of Indian philosophy preached by Shankara.
It means a unique which has no second.
He taught - it was only through knowledge that one could worship God.

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10
Q

lingayats

A

Group of religious Kannada teachers

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11
Q

alvars and nayannars

A

Tamil saints

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12
Q

bhakti

A

A system of Indian philosophy preached by Ramanuja.

He preached that one should devote oneself entirely to worship of God through bhakti (devotion and love)

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13
Q

mlechchhas

A

A barbarian or outcast

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14
Q

varaha

A

A boar incarnation of Vishnu

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15
Q

surya-vamshi

A

Sun family

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16
Q

chandra-vamshi

A

Moon family

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17
Q

agni-kula

A

Fire family

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18
Q

rai & thakur

A

some titles of feudatories (persons who received grants)

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19
Q

maharajadhiraja

A

“king of kings” - a high sounding titles used by feudatory to declare his independence

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20
Q

apabhramsha

A

language spoken by the common people

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21
Q

ulema

A

scholars of Islamic learning - generally orthodox

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22
Q

iqta

A

The grant of revenue from a village or a piece of land

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23
Q

muqaddam

A

hereditary headman of the village

24
Q

patwari

A

one who kept local records of revenue accounts

25
Q

mushrif

A

one who supervised the accounts and attended to the revenue when it was collected

26
Q

wazir

A

Chief Minister and adviser to the Sultan

27
Q

mir bakshi

A

head of military

28
Q

Chief Qazi

A

chief judge

29
Q

khutba

A

a sermon read in the name of ruling king on the occasion of Friday prayers

30
Q

karkhanahs

A

workshops - slaves were employed by Sultan to produce variety of things

31
Q

baniyas, multanis,

A

communities who made trade their special work

32
Q

tankah

A

silver coin

33
Q

pir

A

Hindu guru

34
Q

banjaras

A

a group of merchants who owned large caravans and transported goods from market to market

35
Q

qawwah

A

a form of singing practiced by followers of Muin-ud-din Chishti at gatherings

36
Q

dohas

A

are couplets composed by Saint Kabir and taught to his followers

37
Q

kabirpanthis

A

a group formed by followers of Saint Kabir

38
Q

Adi-granth

A

A religious book of the Sikhs in which teachings of Nanak was collected in the form of verses.

39
Q

langar

A

a common kitchen

40
Q

khalsa

A

followers of the tenth guru - it means “the pure”

41
Q

What are the 5 K’s/characteristic of Sikhs?

A
  1. kesha - hair
  2. kangha- comb
  3. kara- iron bracelet
  4. kripan- dagger
  5. kachchha- underwear
42
Q

mansabdar

A

Mansab means rank or office.
A Mansabdar was bearer of a rank whose salary was fixed in accordance with the grade indicated by the number of troopers under his command.
He had to perform civil/military duties in accordance with orders of the emperor.
The rank was not hereditary.
Salary was often paid by means of assignments of land revenue.

43
Q

khan-i-saman

A

Chief steward who attended to the royal household.

44
Q

Diwan-i-khas

A

hall of private audience

45
Q

Diwan-i-am

A

hall of public audience

46
Q

jharokha

A

balcony of emperor’s palace where he would appear and people would gather to see him.

47
Q

subas

A

means province.
Mughal empire was divided into a number of subas.
During Akbar there were 15 subas

48
Q

sarkars

A

every suba was divided into a number of sarkars.

49
Q

paragans

A

each sarkars was divided into a number of paragans.

A group of villages made one paragans.

50
Q

subadar

A

Governor of the province

51
Q

diwan

A

person who kept records of revenue from the land.

52
Q

kotwal

A

officer in charge of town administration.
Responsible for catching criminals.
He inspected weights and measures used by merchants.
He also kept records of all persons living in the neighborhood including foreigners–> made him kind of a census officer.

53
Q

kotwali

A

police station

54
Q

Din-i-Illahi

A

A religious path laid down by Akbar.

It means divine monotheism or the religion of one God.

55
Q

ashtapradhan

A

A Council of 8 ministers who acted as advisers to the Maratha king in matters relating to the state

56
Q

chauth

A

One-quarter of land revenue paid to the government, collected as tax by Marathas from people living outside Maratha kingdom in return for security against plunder and raid of their territory by the Marathas

57
Q

sardeshmukhi

A

A tax equivalent to one-tenth of land revenue levied by Marathas on all territories

Medieval History (2 decks)

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