Medieval Health

Question 1

When was the medieval period?

Answer 1

10th - 15th century

Question 2

What was a barber surgeon?

Answer 2

A dentist who carried out minor operations

Question 3

When was the Norman conquest?

Answer 3

14th October 1066

Question 4

What is an epidemic?

Answer 4

A sudden widespread infectious disease

Question 5

What is effluent?

Answer 5

Liquid waste

Question 6

What is the Hippocratic oath?

Answer 6

Oath taken by new doctors to help their patients

Question 7

What is the doctrine of signatures?

Answer 7

States that herbs that look like parts of the body can be used by herbalists to treat those specific body parts

Question 8

What is a cesspit?

Answer 8

A hole in the ground full of sewage

Question 9

What is the term used to describe the burning of skin around a wound?

Answer 9

Cauterisation

Question 10

What is the theory of the four humours?

Answer 10

Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile and Black Bile, should be balanced with the body to prevent disease

Question 11

Give 2 reasons why living in a town in the middle ages was unhealthy?

Answer 11

poor, cramped housing, human and animal waste in streets, no access to clean drinking water

Question 12

Give 2 ways that towns tried to improve public health in the middle ages?

Answer 12

Wells for drinking water, fines for not cleaning street, tax for street cleaning, muck rakers, bath houses

Question 13

How did medieval people keep healthy?

Answer 13

tooth picks and mouth washes, combs and brushes, chewed fennel, bath house, drinking small ale

Question 14

If you were poor who would treat you if you became ill?

Answer 14

Women

Question 15

Name two ways you could be treated by a barber surgeon?

Answer 15

extraction of teeth, removal of moles, etc., setting of broken bones

Question 16

How would an apothecary treat you?

Answer 16

herbs, spices, herbal potions, use of four humours being balanced

Question 17

What was the name of the book published by Vesalius in 1543?

Answer 17

The fabric of the human body

Question 18

Which individual did Vesalius prove wrong?

Answer 18

Galen

Question 19

Which of galens ideas were proved wrong by Vesalius?

Answer 19

That the lower jaw was in two parts. That blood passed through the septum.

Question 20

What was the effect of the work of Vesalius?

Answer 20

He made people question Galen and showed the importance of human dissection

Question 21

Who did the colour illustrations in the Fabric of the Human Body?

Answer 21

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 22

How did Pare help wounds to heal?

Answer 22

He used an ointment of egg yolks, oil of roses and turpentine

Question 23

What was the effect of Pares ointment?

Answer 23

The soldiers wounds healed cleanly with less pain than if boiling oil was used.

Question 24

How did pare stop bleeding?

Answer 24

He used ligatures (silk threads) to tie the blood vessels closed

Question 25

What method did ligatures replace?

Answer 25

Cauterisation where you use a red hot iron to seal wounds closed

Question 26

What was a problem with ligatures?

Answer 26

Pare didn’t understand that the silk threads could carry germs into the wounds and cause infection.

Question 27

What did William Harvey discover?

Answer 27

He showed that blood was pumped around the body by the heart.

Question 28

Who did Harvey prove wrong?

Answer 28

Galen, he believed that blood was produced in the liver to replace the blood that was burnt by the body as fuel.

Question 29

How did Harvey prove his discovery?

Answer 29

He dissected live cold blooded animals to observe how their hearts worked as well as dissecting human bodies.

Question 30

How did William Harvey show that blood could only flow one way?

Answer 30

He tried to pump liquids past the valves in the veins but wasn’t able to.

Question 31

When was the great plague?

Answer 31

1665

Question 32

Where did the Great Plague occur?

Answer 32

London.