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History (Year 7) > Medieval England part 1 (randomized) > Flashcards

Medieval England part 1 (randomized) Flashcards

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1
Q

Once Norman control was established across England, the barons started to upgrade the motte and bailey castles and rebuild them in what material?

A

Stone

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2
Q

Were the English people happy to answer the Domesday Survey questions?

A

No

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3
Q

In the feudal system, did everybody in the kingdom have a lord?

A

Not quite everybody; the king was the only person who didn’t have a lord

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4
Q

Approximately how many Norman soldiers did William have in England, and approximately how many Saxons were there?

A

William only had around 10,000 Normans and there were c. 2 million Saxons.

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5
Q

Once the castle was built, a small number of Norman soldiers could defend it against an army of a large number of Saxons. What approximate numbers does the booklet give for the number of Normans and the number of Saxons?

A

Fifty, and thousands (‘Around fifty soldiers in a castle could defend it against an army of thousands of Saxons.’)

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6
Q

In later castles, of what material was a keep made?

A

Stone

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7
Q

In terms of their landholding status, what term was used to describe the nobles, who were immediately below the king in the feudal system?

A

Tenants-in-chief

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8
Q

In a Motte and Bailey castle, of what material was a keep made?

A

Wood

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9
Q

In a castle, what was a keep?

A

A tower which was the central part of a castle

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10
Q

What was William’s solution to the problem of having to control c. 2 million Saxons with as few as 10,000 soldiers?

A

Build castles

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11
Q

All the land in England belonged to the King. He kept some for his own personal use, and divided the rest between the nobles, who were the next level below him in the feudal hierarchy. What hyphenated term was used to describe them?

A

Tenant-in-Chief

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12
Q

What was the difference between the positioning of the keep in a Motte and Bailey castle and in later castles?

A

In a Motte and Bailey castle the keep stood on the motte; in later castles, keeps were not on a motte

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13
Q

At which level in the feudal hierarchy were the nobles (who included barons and bishops) located?

A

Second level, immediately below the king

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14
Q

Which type of noble was more important: an earl or a baron?

A

Earl

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15
Q

What name was given to an important churchman who was in charge of all the churches and priests in a particular area?

A

Bishop

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16
Q

Did the survey which resulted in the Domesday Book include all members of a household?

A

No: women, children and other relatives weren’t included in the survey: it listed only the head of the household.

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17
Q

What would be an ideal location (and why) for a Motte and Bailey castle (unless other factors militated against this)?

A

On a hill (so that guards could see enemies approaching from a long way off)

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18
Q

What factor might mean that there was no point in building a Motte and Bailey castle on a hill?

A

Castles needed to be close to where the Saxons actually lived (since they were meant to scare the Saxons into obeying orders), and so there was no point in building one on a hill if it was in the middle of nowhere.

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19
Q

In a castle, what was a motte?

A

A large mound of earth created as part of a castle

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20
Q

Name three British cities which were omitted from the Domesday Book?

A

London, Bristol and Winchester

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21
Q

In the feudal system, what name was given to the ceremony in which, when you were given land by your lord, you would kneel in front of them and promise to be loyal to them and obey them in return for the land you had been given?

A

Paying homage

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22
Q

In a castle, a palisade was a large fence (surrounding the bailey) designed to keep out attackers, and was made of what material?

A

Wood

23
Q

In the feudal system, what name was given to someone who had been given land by somebody at the level above them (in return for serving that person) in terms of their relationship to the person who had given them land?

A

Tenant

24
Q

Why was it important to be able to control rivers, with the result that castles were often built next to them?

A

Because they were the only way to move armies or goods quickly in the Middle Ages

25
Q

What name was given to a large mound of earth created as part of a castle?

A

Motte

26
Q

Which three types of building does the booklet mention as being located inside the bailey of a Motte and Bailey castle, and which two purposes did these serve?

A

Inside the bailey there would be sheds, barns and stables to store food and other supplies, and to keep the horses.

27
Q

What name was given to a yard that was part of a castle?

A

Bailey

28
Q

In a castle, what name was given to the defensive wall which surrounded a bailey?

A

Palisade

29
Q

In which year did King William order that the Domesday Book should be written?

A

1086

30
Q

Which two factors relating to ‘literacy and language’ does the booklet mention as reasons why the survey might be in accurate and therefore Domesday book would be less than perfect from the King’s point of view?

A

Few English people could read or write / William’s commissioners spoke Latin or Norman French, but the English did not

31
Q

William used land to help him control England. What name was given to the system which governed the way land was held?

A

The feudal system

32
Q

Which type of noble was less important than an earl? The word for this type of noble is often used to mean any noble.

A

Baron

33
Q

What reward, which gave them power and wealth, did the Norman barons demand from William for having conquered England?

A

Land

34
Q

In a Motte and Bailey castle, where did a keep stand?

A

On the motte

35
Q

Was it sensible to build a castle inside or next to a town?

A

Yes, because castles needed to be close to where the Saxons actually lived, since they were meant to scare the Saxons into obeying orders

36
Q

What service did the knights perform for the nobles in return for having been given land by them?

A

The knights and their villagers (i.e. the peasants for whom the knight was the lord) fought for the noble who was their lord

37
Q

In a Motte and Bailey castle, what stood on the motte?

A

A keep

38
Q

What natural features were the only way to move armies or goods quickly in the Middle Ages, with the result that castles were often built next to them to be able to control them?

A

Rivers

39
Q

In a castle, what name was given to a tower which was the central part of the castle?

A

Keep

40
Q

Once Norman soldiers had moved into a region of England and taken control of the local villages, what was the name of the first type of castle to be built, which they could quickly force the villagers to build?

A

A Motte and Bailey castle

41
Q

What service did the peasants perform for the knights in return for having been given land by them?

A

They did a number of days’ work on the knight’s land every week, and paid taxes.

42
Q

In a castle, what was a bailey?

A

A yard that was part of a castle

43
Q

In the feudal system, what name was given to someone who had given land to somebody at the level below them (in return for receiving service from that person) in terms of their relationship to the person to whom they had given land?

A

Lord

44
Q

Which event of 1085 is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and may be a reason why William decided the following year to carry out the survey which resulted in the Domesday Book?

A

A rumour that Canute, King of Denmark, was planning to attack England caused William to scatter his army all over England (presumably to guard against an attack wherever it might come?), and difficulties arose when the local people had to supply the army with food and horses (presumably because William had no idea of what local resources were available in much or all of his kingdom).

45
Q

Approximately how many villages in the country were described in the Domesday Book?

A

Almost 13,000

46
Q

How long would it take the villagers to build a Motte and Bailey castle?

A

Around two or three weeks

47
Q

In the feudal system, what did paying homage to your lord involve?

A

You would kneel in front of them and promise to be loyal to them and obey them in return for the land you had been given.

48
Q

What name was given to the type of tenant who was lower than a tenant-in-chief in the Feudal system?

A

Sub-tenant

49
Q

What service did the nobles perform for the king in return for having been given land by him?

A

The nobles and their knights would fight for the king

50
Q

Starting from the top, what were the four levels in the feudal hierarchy?

A

King / Nobles (which included barons and bishops) / Knights / Peasants

51
Q

In a castle, what item surrounded a bailey (please give a two-word description and the word which was used for this)?

A

Defensive wall / Palisade

52
Q

Writing in 1179, what reason did Richard fitz Nigel, the Treasurer of England (i.e. the man responsible for the King’s money) give for why the result of William’s survey was nicknamed the Domesday book?

A

‘Domesday’ (usually spelled as ‘Doomsday’ now) is another word for Judgement Day, the day at the end of time when (in medieval Christian thinking) God would judge everybody according to whether they had led a good life. Just as God is all-knowing and therefore his judgement would be final, so the Domesday Book was a definitive guide to (among other things) who owned each piece of land, and therefore its ‘judgement’ (if there was a dispute about who owned a piece of land) was final.

53
Q

As well as surrounding the bailey, where else in a Motte and Bailey castle could you find a palisade?

A

Around the keep which was built on the motte

54
Q

Castles were sometimes built in which location, for military reasons?

A

Sometimes castles were built on the coast, to defend places where foreign enemies might attack.

History (Year 7) (2 decks)

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