Medieval England Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons for Coming in the Middle Ages - Vikings
A
- Religion: Believed that Odin would grant them a place in Vahallah (warrior heaven)
- England had a fertile soil and lots of resources like led, copper, iron, silver for tools and jewellery
2
Q
Experiences - Vikings
A
- Overall conflict between the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings near the borders of Danelaw
- King Cnut improved relations by giving Anglo-Saxon nobles lots of land
3
Q
Impact - Vikings
A
- Built environment: Fortified Towns became more common
- Economy: York became a key point of trade as specialists lived there and vikings had trade connections.
- Culture: Words from ancient norse still in our language (husband) and any place name with ‘by’ is from Norse
- Gov and Law: Assemblies called things where free men could vote, danegeld: taxing on land
4
Q
Reasons for Coming in the Middle Ages - Normans
A
- William of Normandy believed that he was promised the throne by Edward the Confessor
- England had an already established trading route in York, government and army.
5
Q
Experiences - Normans
A
- Harrying of the North: A series of military campaigns waged by William the Conqueror to subjugate Northern England - Made them very unpopular
- Feudal System - MAde it easier for Normans to control Anglo-Saxons
- Anglo Saxons began naming their children by Norman names
6
Q
Impact - Normans
A
- Built Environment : Stone built cathedrals, churches and monastries were built - Durham Cathedral
- Gov and Law: The Feudal System and slavery was abolished after the Doomsday Book
- Culture: Links to Christendom grew as membersof religious orders migrated to England to build abbeys and monastries
7
Q
Reasons for Coming in the Middle Ages - Jews
A
- Were driven out from the MIddle East by Romans
- Invited by William the Conquerer as he needed large sums of money to secure his place as king
8
Q
Experiences in the Middle Ages - Jews
A
- Forced to wear yellow pattern for identification
- Blood libel: belief that children were killed by Jews
- Resentment grew due to the interest rates for lending money
- Forbidden from charging interest
- Forced to either convert to Christianity or leave - expelled 1290
9
Q
Impact in the Middle Ages - Jews
A
- Built: Lent money for may of the monastries and abbeys built
- Economy: Helped the economy by working as moneylenders
10
Q
Reasons for Coming in the Middle Ages - Low Countries
A
- Invited by Henry III after to come and work in England to increase the economy with weaving and wool trade
- Black death killed off 30% to 40% of England’s population meaning there was plenty of work available
11
Q
Experiences - Low Countries
A
- Were welcomed because they taught their skills to the English weavers and helped the cloth trade flourish and employement increased.
12
Q
Impact - Low Countries
A
- High quality wool was being exported to Europe which moved Englands economy from a primary (based on raw materials) to secondary (manufacturing).
13
Q
Reasons for Coming in the Middle Ages - Lombardy Bankers
A
- First Christians to be allowed to lend money by the Pope and were invited by Henry III to replace Jews in 1220.
- Invited to work as bankers under royal protection
14
Q
Impact - Lombardy Bankers
A
- Helped fund castles, churches and cathedrals as well as military campaigns for Monarchs
- Helped turn London into an international financial centre.
15
Q
Experiences - Hansa Merchants
A
- Set up Steelyard where they controlled trade with the Hanseatic League and other parts of Europe
- By 1440 controlled most of the English cloth industry
- Were given royal protection and trading rights in 1303
- Peasants’ Revolt in 1381: Steelyard was burned
