Medieval Britain and Early Modern History Flashcards
When was medieval Britain?
1000-1450
What is the theory of the four humours?
Black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood should all be in balance for the body to fight disease.
Who created the theory of the four humours?
Hippocrates
Name some factors of the Greek empire to the development of medicine. (6)
- The four humours
- They had some surgery (not very developed)
- Bad public health
- Knew a health lifestyle
- Knew the brain is the most important organ in the body
- They had places of healing
Name some factors of the Roman Empire to the development of medicine. (5)
- Opiam used as an amnesetic
- Started exercising
- Some surgery
- Public baths
- Theory of opposites built on four humours by Galen
Name some factors of the Arabic empire to the development of medicine. (5)
- Medical hospitals
- Educational hospitals
- Practical training
- Very similar to medieval Britain surgery
- Went by faith for medicine
What was the role of the Catholic Church in medieval medicine in hospitals?
- Developed hospitals
- Didn’t take in the very sick
- 160 set up in the 12th/13th century
What was the role of the Catholic Church in medieval medicine in education and training?
- Set up University schools of medicine
- Church helped limit medical progress
- Very difficult for scholars to dissect human bodies
- Only places with books
What was the role of the Catholic Church in medieval medicine in prayer?
- Prayer was their main treatment
- They went on pilgrimage
- Strong belief
- Prayed to prepare for afterlife
What was the role of the Catholic Church in medieval medicine in looking after the sick and the poor?
- Part of Christian duty
- Some church built hospitals refused to let in very sick people
- Some church built hospitals refused women
Why was Andreas Vesalius an important important individual in early modern history?
He studied medicine at Padua and Paris. He became a professor of surgery and anatomy. He carried out dissections.
Why was Leonardo Da Vinci and important individual in early modern history?
He studied and drew the human anatomy. He was trained in painting and published his drawings of the anatomy which helped many people from all over the world understand the anatomy better.
Why was Ambroise Pare an important individual in early modern history?
He made artificial limbs and amputations. He used ligatures for limbs and is sometime referred to as one of the “fathers of modern surgery”
Why was William Harvey an important individual in early modern history?
He studied medicine at Padua in Italy and became a physician. He worked at St Barthomews hospital and was the first person to fully describe the blood circulation.
Name some main points of Islamic surgery. (7)
- Surgery was rarely practised outside of hospitals due to high death rate
- Surgery similar to medieval British surgery
- Didn’t dissect due to religion
- They used natural treatments and went by faith for medicines
- They learnt whilst performing
- They had translations from pre-historic Islamic medical publishings
- A lot more advanced than Europeans
Name some main points of European surgery. (7)
- Surgery was done by barber surgeons and not real doctors
- Wine was used as an antiseptic
- Internal surgery like removing bladder stones
- Lots of experience from frequent warfare
- Composed of a mixture of existing ideas from antiquity spirited influences
- Hammered skulls to let out demons
- Tools used: Bone cutter, arrow puller, amputator, knife bone saw
Name the main events in The Great Plague epidemic. (6)
- As soon as a case was reported in The Great Plague, houses were shut down and eventually people started moving away
- From the summer 1665, 7000 people were dying a week and the death toll doubled twice in august
- They had a pest house to separate the sick from the health
- From the 12th August only the sick were allowed on the streets
- In September there was a hope- fumigation- plague smoked out however after the fire burned for 3 days it rained- 4000 died that night
- The cold killed the plague
How did people try to prevent The Great Plague? (5)
- Public entertainment stopped
- Bodies buried after dark
- All cats and dogs killed
- Weekly fasts
- Houses containing victims sealed
What were the believed causes of The Black Death?
- Four humours out of balance
- Jews poisoning wells
- Bad smells
- God was angry at them
- Invisible fumes
What were the results of The Black Death?
- 50% of the population died
- Some villages were completely wiped out
What was the treatment of The Black Death? (7)
- Praying
- Avoid plague victims
- Less sex
- Don’t over-eat
- Pop open buboes
- Bathe in urine 3 times a day
- Drink vinegar
When was The Great Plague?
1665
When was The Black Death?
1348-1350
