Medieval Bhakti&sufi

Question 1

Nivriti marg?

Answer 1

Ones who did not preach the path of renunciation

Striking a balance btw worldly responsibilities&spirituality

Eg:-
Guru Nanak

Question 2

Guru Nanak basic philosophy?

Answer 2

Non sectarianism(color,caste,sex)
Religious universality(Vivekananda,K.C. sen)
Universal brotherhood
Hindu-Muslim unity
Against religious formalism

Question 3

Guru Angad?

Answer 3

2nd guru
Guru mukhi script
Started compilation of Guru Granth Sahib

Question 4

Guru Ramdas

Answer 4

4th guru
Received a piece of land from Akbar
On which har mandir sahib was built

Started construction
Completed water tank

(Ram -Bhagwan-golden temple)

Question 5

Guru Arjun Dev?

Answer 5

5th guru
:Completed compilation of Guru Granth Sahib
:Completed construction of golden temple
:differences with Jahangir (martyrdom)

Question 6

Guru hargovind?

Answer 6

Started militarisation of Sikh community

Question 7

Guru teg Bahadur?

Answer 7

Differences with azb (martyrdom)

Question 8

Guru Govind Singh?

Answer 8

Birth place-Patna
10th &last guru
Guru Granth Sahib as guru forever
Founded-Khalsa Panth 
              To provide spiritual &temporal leadership

Question 9

Banda Bahadur?

Answer 9

Known for his resistance to Mughal aggression with his fort at LOHGARH(at foothills of Himalayas)

Question 10

Kabir?

Answer 10

Dohas compiled as ‘Bijak’

Ulatvasis-unique literary style

Features-
Emphasis on purity of heart &
                      Simplicity of life (as end)
                Incessant chanting name of God (as means)
Against religious formalism
Non sectarianism
Religious universalism
Universal brotherhood of man
Hindu Muslim unity

Question 11

Lingayats?

Answer 11

Saguna Bhakti

Basava (pm of kalchuri rulers-Vijjala)

(Lord shiva the supreme deity representing cosmic reality)
Like Brahmana in Vedanta philosophy

Social radicalism(equality in all respects)

Akka Mahadevi-women Saint

Question 12

Janamas?

Answer 12

Saints of Lingayat order

Jangamas-sangam-s India-shaivite-Lingayat

Known for their ‘vachanas’

Question 13

Vachanashastra?

Answer 13

Vachanas of basava

Question 14

Maharashtra dharma?

Answer 14

Developed around the cult of VITHOBA(Vitthal Dev)-emanation of Lord Vishnu

Centre at Pandharpur

2 major trends -
Varkari-path of renunciation
Dharkari-nivriti marg

Question 15

Ramananda?

Answer 15

Benaras
Vaishnava
Ramaite
Link btw North Indian Bhakti
& South Indian Bhakti
(Disciple of vallabhacharya)
Who mostly lived in mathura
Link btw Nirguna & Saguna
(Most of his disciples including Kabir were of Nirguna school)

Question 16

Raag marg?

Answer 16

Path of love-State of madhurya (Chaitanya)-Radha cult

Achintya Bhed bhed vada
Popularised ‘kirtan’

Question 17

Sufism?

Answer 17

Goal of Vedanta
Unity of being-‘wahdat-ul-wajood’
As a result of self annihilation ( ‘fanaa’)

Timing of Buddhism
(Realising the goal in lifetime itself like nirvana)

Method of Bhakti
(Acknowledges importance of spiritual mentor ie guru) but here guru(peer or Murshid)is HAQ by virtue of wahadat ul wajood

Question 18

Sufi realisation of goals process?

Answer 18

1) repetition of the name of god(‘zikr ‘)
2) m&c (meditation &contemplation)on the nature of God (‘fikr ‘)
3) lsd (love surrender &devotion)
4) services to humanity(loving the creation)
5) simple life(‘faqiri’)
6) musical gatherings(‘sama’)eg-qawwali-at times it leads to ‘Haal’
7) dance(‘raqs’)
8) some magical utterances( t&m ism)
9) some degree of self torture &self mortification
10) yogic practices
11) community feeding

Question 19

2 major trends in Sufism?

Answer 19

Be shara (w/o shariat)
'Kalandars'(wandering lives)
Strange lifestyle

Ba shara(acknowledges importance of shariat)
‘Khanqah’( monastic establishments
)

Question 20

Peer?
Murshid?
Murud?

Answer 20

Spiritual mentor
Spiritual mentor
Disciple

Question 21

‘Daira ‘ or ‘wilayat’?

Answer 21

(Spiritual territory)
Spheres of influence of ‘silsilahs’
(Organised tradition of spiritual mentors &their disciples-peeri&muridi)

Question 22

Wali?

Answer 22

Successor of spiritual mentor in silsilahs

Question 23

Most imp Sufi silsilahs?

Answer 23

Chisti
Suhrawardy 
Nakshabandi
Qadiri
Qubravia

Question 24

One can attain moksha in 3 ways

Answer 24

Jnana(by acquiring highest knowledge)

Bhakti(by devotion to God)

&Karma(by action i.e. Selfless performance of one’s duties w/o caring for reward

Question 25

6 system of philosophy?

Answer 25

Vaisesika by Kanada

Nyaya by Gautam

Sankhya by Kapil

Yoga by Patanjali

Purva Mimansa by Jaimini

Uttar Mimansa(Vedanta) Badrayan

Other systems like
Charvaka,aajivak,etc

Question 26

Shankaracharya

Ramanuja

Answer 26

Jnana marg

Bhakti marg