Medieval And Renaissance Causes And 19-20th Century Surgery Flashcards
MEDIEVAL CAUSES:
- people respected old ideas, meaning there wasn’t much progress in stopping illness/ disease
- lack of scientific knowledge meant people relied on the church for knowledge
- astrology was a key belief - if the planets weren’t aligned you would become ill
- the humours theory was key for centuries meaning if your YB, BB, phlegm and blood were imbalanced, that would be the cause of your illness
miasma - bad smelling air
RENAISSANCE CAUSES:
- god/sin - was the belief that God didn’t send disease, but he still sent epidemics like the Black Death
- the humours was still a key belief but was disapproved by 1700. People wanted a balanced lifestyle to keep balance
- Miasma was still popular during the Great Plague
- contagion was an idea that air seeds caused disease
SURGERY 19th CENTURY
1847 - Simpson found chloroform was an effective replacement to others; there was religious opposition until Queen Victoria used it
1867 - Lister found carbolic acid as a useful antiseptic, resulting in surgery death rates decreasing from 46% to 15%
1887 - all surgery equipment/instruments were steam sterilised
SURGERY 20th CENTURY
THE 1900’s:
- surgeons wore sterilised gowns, masks and gloves while operating
- better tools were used like scalpels
- surgeons no longer rushed surgery meaning there was a decreased chance of injury whilst rushing the operation
why wasn’t there much medical progress?
(MEDIEVAL)
people respected old ideas and theories; this included the work of Galen and Hippocrates
who did people rely on because of the lack of progress?
(MEDIEVAL)
people went to the church for knowledge
what belief links illness to the planets?
(MEDIEVAL)
astrology - if the planets weren’t aligned, it was thought that was the reason for your illness
what was the key belief that was believed in and lasted for centuries?
(MEDIEVAL)
the four humours - if your yellow and black bile, blood and phlegm were imbalanced that was the cause of your illness
what was the miasma theory?
(MEDIEVAL)
if you were around lots of bad smelling air, it would cause disease
who did people think sent diseases?
(RENAISSANCE)
people thought that god and/or sin sent disease; he was also believed to send epidemics like the Black Death
when was the four humours theory disapproved?
(RENAISSANCE)
it was disapproved by the 1700’s. people still wanted to keep a balanced lifestyle to keep balance
what was the idea of contagion?
(RENAISSANCE)
it was the idea that air seeds spread diseases
in 1847, what did Simpson do?
(19th CENTURY)
he found that chloroform was an effective replacement to other anaesthetics; there was religious opposition until Queen Victoria used it while in labour
in 1867, what did Lister find out?
(19th CENTURY)
he found that carbolic acid was an effective antiseptic as it reduced surgery death rates from 46% down to 15%
what was decided in 1887?
(19th CENTURY)
it was decided that all equipment/instruments were to be steam sterilised after surgery
what did surgeons wear from the 1900’s onwards?
(20th CENTURY)
while performing surgery, surgeons wore sterilised gowns, masks, and gloves while operating
did surgeons keep on rushing surgeries?
(20th CENTURY)
no they didn’t - there was now a decreased chance of injury as the surgeons were now taking their time
