Mediction Review, Doses And Terminology

Question 1

Distribution

Answer 1

Process where a drug once in the bloodstream is delivered to specific organs and tissues in the body to exert its pharmacological effects

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

Process where a drug is taken up from the site of administration and is transported to the blood stream

Occurs 
•orally 
•topically
•rectally 
•by inhalation 
•parenteral

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

• Disappearance of a drug, when it changes chemically into another compound
• takes place in many body organs-Primarily in the liver
• usually enhances excretion and inactivation of a drug

Question 4

Excretion

Answer 4

• Process by which the drug is eliminated from the body-Primarily by the kidney
• Drugs can be excreted via the urine, feces, kidneys, lungs, skin, etc.

Question 5

Bioavailability

Answer 5

This is the percentage or fraction of the administered dose of a drug that actually reaches systemic circulation. Factors affecting oral route of administration include age, body weight and time of administration

Question 6

Therapeutic incompatibility

Answer 6

•When the effectiveness of two drugs is decreased when given together

Example : Ampicillin and gentamicin therapeutic incompatibility

Question 7

Therapeutic duplication

Answer 7

•When two drugs from the same class are given together

Example: Cephalexin and Cefaclor are both Cephalsporins

Question 8

Adverse Effects

Answer 8

Effects other then desired ones

Question 9

An Anaphylactic Reaction

Answer 9

A severe adverse reaction to the administration of a drug
This drug can cause anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
Example: if a patient has a severe adverse reaction after prior administration of Penicillin

Question 10

Side Effects

Answer 10

•Effects that are predictable and widely reported
•Undesired pharmacological effects of a drug seem when therapeutic doses of the drug are used.
•often unavoidable, part of the drugs action
Example: Nausea, drowsiness, upset stomach, addiction

Question 11

Toxicities

Answer 11

•effects that are harmful and destructive to the body
Causes: drug dosage exceeds recommended dosage
•drug is used for longer periods of time than is recommended
•Drug is not properly monitored
example: Chemotherapy kills good cells

Question 12

Cross Sensitivity

Answer 12

•Allergy to drugs that are chemically similar

Example: (Penicillin and Ceflasporin)

Question 13

Drug Interactions - Tech should

Notify Pharmacist !!!!!

Answer 13

A change in the magnitude or duration of the pharmacological response of one drug because of the presence of another drug

Question 14

Possible Detrimental Effects:

Answer 14

:increased risk of side effects
: increased risk of Toxicities
: Decreased pharmacological response desired

Question 15

Additive Response

Answer 15

Occurs when two or more drugs combined yield a responsive when the drugs by themselves are not enough

Question 16

Synergistic Response

Answer 16

Occurs when the effect of two or more drugs is greater than the sun of the drugs
Examples: Bactrim, Septra, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole

Question 17

A theoretical Ratio

Answer 17

•weigh Risks vs. benefits
•must be done on an individual basis
Example: asthma patient should not be in a B blocker
•Inderal

Question 18

Contraindicated

Answer 18

•When a drug used for one indication cause in severity of another indication
Example: Pseudoephedrine contraindicated in hypertension

Question 19

Pharmacology

Answer 19

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their interactions with the human body to produce therapeutic effects

Question 20

Drug

Answer 20

A drug is a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation (decrease in severity) treatment or prevention of disease in Human beings or animals.

Question 21

Legend Drug

Answer 21

Drug that requires a Prescription

Question 22

Non prescription drugs are also referred to as over the counter (OTC) drugs these are medications that the FDA has determined Safe and effective for consumers to self-medicate when used as directed by the product labeling. An OTC (over the counter) Drug is a drug that does not require any form of prescription often times, OTC Drugs are prescribed by a physician

Answer 22

Examples -
•Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
•Motrin (ibuprofen,
Doses higher than 200 mg require a prescription)
•Aspirin, (OTC analgesic department)

Question 23

Prescription or Legend Drugs

Answer 23

Must be taken with the supervision of a physician and may be harmful if not monitored
• these drugs also require a physicians drug order
•A pharmacist cannot dispense these drugs without a prescription

Question 24

Controlled Substances or Scheduled Drugs

Answer 24

•Medications which warrant more restrictive regulation because of their potential for addiction and abuse
Examples : I, II, III, IV, & V

Question 25

Dietary Supplements

Answer 25

Dietary Supplements are not regulated by the FDA because the suppliers do not make therapeutic claims