Mediction Review, Doses And Terminology Flashcards
Distribution
Process where a drug once in the bloodstream is delivered to specific organs and tissues in the body to exert its pharmacological effects
Absorption
Process where a drug is taken up from the site of administration and is transported to the blood stream
Occurs •orally •topically •rectally •by inhalation •parenteral
Metabolism
- Disappearance of a drug, when it changes chemically into another compound
- takes place in many body organs-Primarily in the liver
- usually enhances excretion and inactivation of a drug
Excretion
- Process by which the drug is eliminated from the body-Primarily by the kidney
- Drugs can be excreted via the urine, feces, kidneys, lungs, skin, etc.
Bioavailability
This is the percentage or fraction of the administered dose of a drug that actually reaches systemic circulation. Factors affecting oral route of administration include age, body weight and time of administration
Therapeutic incompatibility
•When the effectiveness of two drugs is decreased when given together
Example : Ampicillin and gentamicin therapeutic incompatibility
Therapeutic duplication
•When two drugs from the same class are given together
Example: Cephalexin and Cefaclor are both Cephalsporins
Adverse Effects
Effects other then desired ones
An Anaphylactic Reaction
A severe adverse reaction to the administration of a drug
This drug can cause anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
Example: if a patient has a severe adverse reaction after prior administration of Penicillin
Side Effects
•Effects that are predictable and widely reported
•Undesired pharmacological effects of a drug seem when therapeutic doses of the drug are used.
•often unavoidable, part of the drugs action
Example: Nausea, drowsiness, upset stomach, addiction
Toxicities
•effects that are harmful and destructive to the body
Causes: drug dosage exceeds recommended dosage
•drug is used for longer periods of time than is recommended
•Drug is not properly monitored
example: Chemotherapy kills good cells
Cross Sensitivity
•Allergy to drugs that are chemically similar
Example: (Penicillin and Ceflasporin)
Drug Interactions - Tech should
Notify Pharmacist !!!!!
A change in the magnitude or duration of the pharmacological response of one drug because of the presence of another drug
Possible Detrimental Effects:
:increased risk of side effects
: increased risk of Toxicities
: Decreased pharmacological response desired
Additive Response
Occurs when two or more drugs combined yield a responsive when the drugs by themselves are not enough
Synergistic Response
Occurs when the effect of two or more drugs is greater than the sun of the drugs
Examples: Bactrim, Septra, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole
A theoretical Ratio
•weigh Risks vs. benefits
•must be done on an individual basis
Example: asthma patient should not be in a B blocker
•Inderal
Contraindicated
•When a drug used for one indication cause in severity of another indication
Example: Pseudoephedrine contraindicated in hypertension
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their interactions with the human body to produce therapeutic effects
Drug
A drug is a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation (decrease in severity) treatment or prevention of disease in Human beings or animals.
Legend Drug
Drug that requires a Prescription
Non prescription drugs are also referred to as over the counter (OTC) drugs these are medications that the FDA has determined Safe and effective for consumers to self-medicate when used as directed by the product labeling. An OTC (over the counter) Drug is a drug that does not require any form of prescription often times, OTC Drugs are prescribed by a physician
Examples - •Tylenol (Acetaminophen) •Motrin (ibuprofen, Doses higher than 200 mg require a prescription) •Aspirin, (OTC analgesic department)
Prescription or Legend Drugs
Must be taken with the supervision of a physician and may be harmful if not monitored
• these drugs also require a physicians drug order
•A pharmacist cannot dispense these drugs without a prescription
Controlled Substances or Scheduled Drugs
•Medications which warrant more restrictive regulation because of their potential for addiction and abuse
Examples : I, II, III, IV, & V
