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CDI 2 Part 1 > MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF DEATH / SEX CRIME > Flashcards

MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF DEATH / SEX CRIME Flashcards

1
Q

It is the termination of life.

A

Death

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2
Q

It is the complete cessation of all the vital functions without possibility of resuscitation.

A

Death

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3
Q

It is an irreversible loss of the properties of living matter.

A

Death

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4
Q

Kinds of Death

A

Somatic Death or Clinical Death
Molecular or Cellular Death
Apparent Death or State of Suspended Animation

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5
Q

This is the state of the body in which there is complete, persistent and continuous cessation of the vital functions of the brain, heart and lungs which maintain life and health.

A

Somatic Death or Clinical Death

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6
Q

After cessation of the vital functions of the body there is still animal life among individual cells. After somatic death occurs there is death of all individual cells like nerve and brain cells within the body.
This is known as molecular or cellular death

A

Molecular or Cellular Death

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7
Q

This condition is not really death but merely a transient loss of the vital functions of the body on account of disease, external stimulus, or other forms of influence

A

Apparent Death or State of Suspended Animation

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8
Q

Somatic or Clinical Types of Death

A

Sociological Death
Psychic Death
Biologic Death
Physiologic Death

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9
Q

Type of death wherein withdrawal and separation from the patient by others
producing a sense of isolation and abandonment, unvisited and let alone to die.

A

Sociological Death

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10
Q

Condition of death wherein the patient regresses, gives up or surrenders accepting
death prematurely and refuses to continue living.

A

Psychic Death

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11
Q

Type of death characterized by the absence of cognitive function or awareness,
although artificial support system may maintain organs functioning.

A

Biologic Death

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12
Q

Type of death when all vital organs cease to function. (Leal, 2014 & Lagonera,
2010)

A

Physiologic Death

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13
Q

Methods of Detecting the Cessation of Heart Action and Circulation
Examination of the Heart

A

Palpation of the Pulse
Auscultation for the Heart Sound at the Precordial Area
Fluoroscopic Examination
By the Use of Electrocardiograph

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14
Q

Pulsation of the peripheral blood vessels may be made at the region of
the wrist or at the neck. The pulsation of the vessels is synchronous with the heartbeat. Occasionally
the pulsation is very imperceptible and irregular that the examiner experiences much difficulty

A

Palpation of the Pulse

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15
Q

The rhythmic contraction and
relaxation of the heart is audible through the stethoscope. Heart sound can be audible during life even
without the aid of a stethoscope by placing the ear at the precordial area.

A

Auscultation for the Heart Sound at the Precordial Area

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16
Q

reveal the shadow of the heart in its rhythmic contraction and
relaxation. The shadow may be enlarged, and the excursion made less visible due to pericardial
effusion.

A

Fluoroscopic Examination

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17
Q

The heartbeat is accompanied by the passage of electrical charge through the impulse conducting system of the heart which may be recorded in an electrocardiograph machine.

A

By the Use of Electrocardiograph

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18
Q

Examination of the Peripheral Circulation

A

Magnus’ Test
Opening of Small Artery
Icard’s Test
Pressure on the Fingernails
Diaphanous Test
Application of Heat on the Skin
Palpation of the Radial Pulse with Fingers

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19
Q

• Living: will feel the rhythmic pulsation of the vessel due to the flow of blood.
• Dead: No such pulsation will be observed

A

Palpation of the Radial Pulse with Fingers

20
Q

If heated material is applied on the skin in the living person, there will be blister formation,
congestion, and other vital reactions of the injured area will be observed.
• Dead: will not produce true blister, no sign of congestion, or other vital reactions

A

Application of Heat on the Skin

21
Q

• The fingers are spread wide and the finger webs are viewed through a strong light.
• Living: the finger webs appear red
• Dead: yellow

A

Diaphanous Test

22
Q

lf pressure is applied on the fingernails of a living person intermittently, there will be a zone of
paleness at the site of the application of pressure which become livid on release.

A

Pressure on the Fingernails

23
Q

This consists of the injection of a solution of fluorescein subcutaneously.
• If circulation is still present, the dye will spread all over the body and the whole skin will have a gleenish-yellow discoloration due to flourescein.

A

Icard’s Test

24
Q

Living: the blood escapes in jerk and at a distance.
• Dead: the blood vessel is white and there is no jerking escape of blood but may only ooze towards
the nearby skin.

A

Opening of Small Artery

25
Q

A ligature is applied around the base of a finger with moderate tightness.
• In a living person there appears a bloodless zone at the site of the application of the ligature and a
livid area distal to the ligature.
• If the ligature is applied to the finger of a dead man, there is no such change in color.

A

Magnus’ Test

26
Q

Like heart action, cessation of respiration in order to be considered as a sign of death must be continuous and persistent. A person can hold his breath for a period not longer than 3-1/2 minutes. In case of electrical shock,
respiration may cease for sometimes but may be restored by continuous artificial respiration.

A

Stoppage of Respiration

27
Q

Methods of Detecting Cessation of Respiration

A

Mirror Test
Examination with a Feather or Cotton Fiber
Examination with a Glass of Water
Winslow’s Test

28
Q

The surface of a cold-looking glass is held in front of the mouth and nostrils. If there is dimming
of the mirror after a time, there is still respiration.

A

Mirror Test

29
Q

Place a fine feather or a strip of cotton in front of the lips and nostrils. If there is movement of the feather or cotton not due to external air, respiration is present.

A

Examination with a Feather or Cotton Fiber

30
Q

Place a glass half full of water at the region of the chest. If the surface of the water is smooth and
stable, there is no respiration taking place, but if it waves or water movement is observed, then respiration
is taking place.

A

Examination with a Glass of Water

31
Q

There is no movement of the image formed by reflecting artificial or sun light on the water or mercury contained in a saucer and placed on the chest or abdomen if respiration is not taking place. The reflection is utilized to magnify the / movement of the surface of mercury or water.

A

Winslow’s Test

32
Q

The progressive fall of the body temperature is one of the most prominent signs of death. After
death, the metabolic process inside the body ceases.

A

Algor Mortis or Cooling of the Body

33
Q

The normal body temperature in a living person is ___________ but upon death, the temperature gradually decrease

A

37°C or 98.3°F

34
Q

The fall of temperature of ________is considered as a certain sign of death

A

15 to 20°F

35
Q

After death, there is complete relaxation of the whole muscular system. The entire muscular system is contractile for three to six hours after death, and later rigidity sets in. Secondary relaxation of the muscles will appear just when decomposition has set in.

A

Changes in the Muscle

36
Q

The Entire Muscular Tissue Passes Three Stages After Death, namely;

A

Stage of Primary Flaccidity ((post-mortem muscular irritability)
Stage of post-mortem rigidity
Stage of Secondary Flaccidity or Secondary Relaxation

37
Q

A muscular change characterized by the softness and flaccidity of the muscles in which no longer
responses to electrical or mechanical stimuli due to dissolution of the muscle protein that have been
previously coagulated during the stage of rigor mortis. This stage is onset of putrefaction (

A

Stage of Secondary Flaccidity or Secondary Relaxation

38
Q

It is the stiffening of the muscle of the body after death due to chemical changes within the muscle tissue itself.

A

Stage of post-mortem rigidity

39
Q

It is the stage of muscular change upon death characterized the relaxation of muscles and loss of their
natural tone, so the jaw or head drops down, the thorax collapses and the limbs becomes flaccid and the
splinters relax

A

Stage of Primary Flaccidity ((post-mortem muscular irritability)

40
Q

Conditions Simulating Rigor Mortis

A

Heat Stiffening
Cold Stiffening
Cadaveric Spasm or Instantaneous Rigor

41
Q

It is the instant stiffening of a certain group of muscles which occurs immediately at the moment of death, although its cause is unknown, it is associated with violent death due to extreme nervous tension and injury to the central nervous system

A

Cadaveric Spasm or Instantaneous Rigor

42
Q

A condition characterized by hardening of the muscles due to coagulation of muscle proteins when
the dead body is exposed to intense heat as by burning or immersion in a hot liquid. Heat stiffening is commonly observed when the body of a person is placed in boiling fluid or when the body is burned to
death.

A

Heat Stiffening

43
Q

The stiffening of the body may be manifested when the body is frozen, but exposure to warm condition will make such stiffening disappear. The cold stiffening is due to the solidification of fat when
the body is exposed to freezing temperature.

A

Cold Stiffening

44
Q

It is a purplish discoloration of the body that occurs on those parts of the body which are nearest the floor.
This discoloration is caused by the settling of the blood by gravity into those areas. During life the blood is under
pressure and circulating. After death, the pressure falls to zero and the blood begins to settle by gravity so that no
matter what the position the body may be in those positions of the body which are lowest will be the areas the
blood will settle.

A

Post-mortem Lividity

45
Q

Types of Post Mortem Lividity

A

Hypostatic Lividit
Diffusion Lividity

46
Q

This appears during the later stage of its formation when the blood has coagulated inside the blood vessels or has diffused into the tissues of the body. Any change of position will not change the location of
the lividity.

A

Diffusion Lividity

47
Q

The blood merely gravitates into the most dependent portions of the body but still inside the blood vessels and still fluid in form. Any change of position of the body leads to the formation of the lividity in another place. This occurs during the early stage of its formation.

A

Hypostatic Lividity

CDI 2 Part 1 (3 decks)

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