medicines and the law + prescribing resources Flashcards
what 3 categories of medicines did the medical act of 1968 define
- prescription only medicines (POM)
- pharmacy medicines (P)
- General sales list medicines (GSL)
how can we get prescription only medicines
prescriptions from an appropriate presciber
what are some prescription medicines classed as
controlled drugs
where can pharmacy medicines be sold from and what must the pharmacist do
pharmacies
pharmacist must make or supervise the sale
what may the pharmacist ask the px to check if the medicines safe to use
if they have medical conditions
where can general sales list medicines be sold
wide range of shops such as newsagents and supermarkets
pharmacy paracetamol VS supermarket
pharmacy: 32 pack
shops: 16 pack
ibuprofen - pharmacy VS shop
pharmacy - 400mg
shops: 200mg
when did the human medicines regulations come into force
14th august 2012
what were the the human medicines regulations a result of
the initiative by the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) to consolidate and review UK medicines legislation
what does the humans medicines regulations replace
much of the medicines act 1968 and around 200 statutory instruments
what are the medicines act exemptions
provided it is in the course of their professional practice, registered optometrists may sell or supply:
- all medicinal products on the general sales list
- all P medicines
- some POMs
what POM can optometrists sell or supply
- 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drops or 1% eye ointment
- cyclopentolate hydrochloride
- fusidic acid
- tropicamide
what optometrist can sell, supply or write an order for an extended range of medicines
those who have undergone additional training and are accredited by the GOC
what should an order for POMs by an optom include
- optom name and address
- date
- name and address of the px
- name of the drug
- quantity pharmaceutical form and strength (0.5% eye drops 10ml)
- labelling directions
- original signature of the optom
what are examples of POM medicines for administration instead of supply
- tetracaine hydrochloride
- lidocaine hydrochloride
- oxybuprocaine hydrochloride
- proxymetacaine hydrochloride
what type of patients does the law allow professionals without prescribing rights to supply or adminster medicines to
- patient specific direction
- patient group direction (PGD)
what did the crown review 1999 recommend
that certain groups of healthcare professionals should be able to prescribe:
- independent prescribing
- supplementary prescrebing
what does independent prescriber do
establishes the diagnoses and initiates treatment
what does the supplementary prescriber do
monitors the patients and prescribes further supplies of med
what should a prescribtion for a medicine include
- date
- name and address of the px
- patients age and DOB
- name of drug, dose and number of days of treatment required
- prescribers signature
what must a medicine be granted before use in the UK
a license
what does a license indicate
that all the proper checks have been carried out and benefits of a medicine are believed to outweigh the risks
what is license also known as
marketing authorisation
in the UK, who can licenses for medicines be granted by
- the MHRA for medicines only in the UK
- the european medicines agency (EMEA) for medicines in EU
what information does a licence for medicine include
- health condition medicine should be used to treat
- dose, form and who can use the medicine (age restrictions)
- how long treatment with the medicine should last
- warnings about known safety issues such as side effects and interactions with other medicines
sources of medical information
- british national formulary (BNF)
- BNF for children
- Monthly index of medical specialties (MIMS)
- summary of product characteristics (SPC) available online as the electronic medicines compendium
- college of optometrists ‘optometrists formulary’
who is the british national formulary produced by
British Medical Association
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
what is the british national formulary designed as
a reference source for medicines prescribed in the UK
what does the BNF for children provide
information involved in prescribing, dispensing, monitoring and administeration of medicines to children
what does the BNF for children encourage
safe, effective and appropriate use of medicines for the management of childhood conditions
what does the BNF also include
advice on licensed, unlicensed and ‘off-label’ use of medicines for children from birth upto 18 years
what has the national institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE) developed
an app to improve access for NHS staff to the BNF
what does the monthly index of medical specialities provide
up-to date information about prescriptionand over the counter medicines
what does the electronic medicines compendium provide
the summary of product characteristics (SPC) and patient instruction leaflets (PIL) for majority of the medicines available in the UK
what does the Summary of Product Characterisitics (SPC) provide
information about particular drug e.g. indications, cautions, contraindications
who is the optometrists formulary available to
members of the college of optometrists
what does the Optometrists Formulary contain information on
all drugs available to optometrists
when and who was the independent prescribing for optometrists agreed by. when did training begin
agreed by the Commission on Human Medicine (CHM) on the 15th June 2007. training course began in 2008
what clinical management guidelines does the college of optometrists provide to optoms
guidance on the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of eye disease
- investigations info and referral criteria
how many guidelines have been developed by the College of Optometrists
58
who are the guidelines in the college of optometrists developed by
a team of opthalmologists and optometrists
what type of research is the college of optometrists guidelines and who is it peer reviewed by
Evidence-based
peer reviewed by a multidisciplinary group of optometrists and opthalmologists
in the clinical management guidelines, what are the heading of the presentation/management of each condition
- aetiology
- predisposing factors
- symptoms
- signs
- differential diagnoses
- management by optometrists
- possible management by opthalmologist
- evidence based
what does the management category in the College of Opometrists CMG provide
referral guidance for optometrist therapeutic prescribers. conditions are either sight threatening (A) or not normally sight threatening (B).
what are conditions that are sight threatening (A) subdivided into
1- emergency referral to opthalmologist
2- first aid followed by urgent referral to opthalmologist
3- urgent referral to opthalmologist
what are conditions that are not normally sight threatening (B) subdivided into
1- possible prescription of drugs; routing referral
2- alleviation or palliation; no referral
3- management to resolution
