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eye disease > medicines and the law + prescribing resources > Flashcards

medicines and the law + prescribing resources Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 categories of medicines did the medical act of 1968 define

A
  • prescription only medicines (POM)
  • pharmacy medicines (P)
  • General sales list medicines (GSL)
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2
Q

how can we get prescription only medicines

A

prescriptions from an appropriate presciber

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3
Q

what are some prescription medicines classed as

A

controlled drugs

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4
Q

where can pharmacy medicines be sold from and what must the pharmacist do

A

pharmacies
pharmacist must make or supervise the sale

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5
Q

what may the pharmacist ask the px to check if the medicines safe to use

A

if they have medical conditions

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6
Q

where can general sales list medicines be sold

A

wide range of shops such as newsagents and supermarkets

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7
Q

pharmacy paracetamol VS supermarket

A

pharmacy: 32 pack
shops: 16 pack

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8
Q

ibuprofen - pharmacy VS shop

A

pharmacy - 400mg
shops: 200mg

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9
Q

when did the human medicines regulations come into force

A

14th august 2012

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10
Q

what were the the human medicines regulations a result of

A

the initiative by the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) to consolidate and review UK medicines legislation

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11
Q

what does the humans medicines regulations replace

A

much of the medicines act 1968 and around 200 statutory instruments

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12
Q

what are the medicines act exemptions

A

provided it is in the course of their professional practice, registered optometrists may sell or supply:
- all medicinal products on the general sales list
- all P medicines
- some POMs

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13
Q

what POM can optometrists sell or supply

A
  • 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drops or 1% eye ointment
  • cyclopentolate hydrochloride
  • fusidic acid
  • tropicamide
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14
Q

what optometrist can sell, supply or write an order for an extended range of medicines

A

those who have undergone additional training and are accredited by the GOC

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15
Q

what should an order for POMs by an optom include

A
  • optom name and address
  • date
  • name and address of the px
  • name of the drug
  • quantity pharmaceutical form and strength (0.5% eye drops 10ml)
  • labelling directions
  • original signature of the optom
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16
Q

what are examples of POM medicines for administration instead of supply

A
  • tetracaine hydrochloride
  • lidocaine hydrochloride
  • oxybuprocaine hydrochloride
  • proxymetacaine hydrochloride
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17
Q

what type of patients does the law allow professionals without prescribing rights to supply or adminster medicines to

A
  • patient specific direction
  • patient group direction (PGD)
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18
Q

what did the crown review 1999 recommend

A

that certain groups of healthcare professionals should be able to prescribe:
- independent prescribing
- supplementary prescrebing

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19
Q

what does independent prescriber do

A

establishes the diagnoses and initiates treatment

20
Q

what does the supplementary prescriber do

A

monitors the patients and prescribes further supplies of med

21
Q

what should a prescribtion for a medicine include

A
  • date
  • name and address of the px
  • patients age and DOB
  • name of drug, dose and number of days of treatment required
  • prescribers signature
22
Q

what must a medicine be granted before use in the UK

A

a license

23
Q

what does a license indicate

A

that all the proper checks have been carried out and benefits of a medicine are believed to outweigh the risks

24
Q

what is license also known as

A

marketing authorisation

25
Q

in the UK, who can licenses for medicines be granted by

A
  • the MHRA for medicines only in the UK
  • the european medicines agency (EMEA) for medicines in EU
26
Q

what information does a licence for medicine include

A
  • health condition medicine should be used to treat
  • dose, form and who can use the medicine (age restrictions)
  • how long treatment with the medicine should last
  • warnings about known safety issues such as side effects and interactions with other medicines
27
Q

sources of medical information

A
  • british national formulary (BNF)
  • BNF for children
  • Monthly index of medical specialties (MIMS)
  • summary of product characteristics (SPC) available online as the electronic medicines compendium
  • college of optometrists ‘optometrists formulary’
28
Q

who is the british national formulary produced by

A

British Medical Association
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

29
Q

what is the british national formulary designed as

A

a reference source for medicines prescribed in the UK

30
Q

what does the BNF for children provide

A

information involved in prescribing, dispensing, monitoring and administeration of medicines to children

31
Q

what does the BNF for children encourage

A

safe, effective and appropriate use of medicines for the management of childhood conditions

32
Q

what does the BNF also include

A

advice on licensed, unlicensed and ‘off-label’ use of medicines for children from birth upto 18 years

33
Q

what has the national institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE) developed

A

an app to improve access for NHS staff to the BNF

34
Q

what does the monthly index of medical specialities provide

A

up-to date information about prescriptionand over the counter medicines

35
Q

what does the electronic medicines compendium provide

A

the summary of product characteristics (SPC) and patient instruction leaflets (PIL) for majority of the medicines available in the UK

36
Q

what does the Summary of Product Characterisitics (SPC) provide

A

information about particular drug e.g. indications, cautions, contraindications

37
Q

who is the optometrists formulary available to

A

members of the college of optometrists

38
Q

what does the Optometrists Formulary contain information on

A

all drugs available to optometrists

39
Q

when and who was the independent prescribing for optometrists agreed by. when did training begin

A

agreed by the Commission on Human Medicine (CHM) on the 15th June 2007. training course began in 2008

40
Q

what clinical management guidelines does the college of optometrists provide to optoms

A

guidance on the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of eye disease
- investigations info and referral criteria

41
Q

how many guidelines have been developed by the College of Optometrists

A

58

42
Q

who are the guidelines in the college of optometrists developed by

A

a team of opthalmologists and optometrists

43
Q

what type of research is the college of optometrists guidelines and who is it peer reviewed by

A

Evidence-based
peer reviewed by a multidisciplinary group of optometrists and opthalmologists

44
Q

in the clinical management guidelines, what are the heading of the presentation/management of each condition

A
  • aetiology
  • predisposing factors
  • symptoms
  • signs
  • differential diagnoses
  • management by optometrists
  • possible management by opthalmologist
  • evidence based
45
Q

what does the management category in the College of Opometrists CMG provide

A

referral guidance for optometrist therapeutic prescribers. conditions are either sight threatening (A) or not normally sight threatening (B).

46
Q

what are conditions that are sight threatening (A) subdivided into

A

1- emergency referral to opthalmologist
2- first aid followed by urgent referral to opthalmologist
3- urgent referral to opthalmologist

47
Q

what are conditions that are not normally sight threatening (B) subdivided into

A

1- possible prescription of drugs; routing referral
2- alleviation or palliation; no referral
3- management to resolution

eye disease (2 decks)

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