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Prog test revision MBCHB > Medicines > Flashcards

Medicines Flashcards

1
Q

When would you give 0.9%NaCl?

A

Dehydration

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2
Q

What drug is an antiviral that you may use in herpes simplex infections?

A

Acyclovir

Current BPAC: Vilacyclovir - Herpes simplex and zoster (Severe concerns needed for treatment)

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3
Q

Whats the medicine for gout?

A

Allopurinol

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4
Q

What is zopiclone?

A

Sedative drug, overused in helping people sleep.

NB: Highly addictive and overprescribed

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5
Q

What condition is sodium valoprate [Epilim] used for?

A

Generalisation: Epilepsy (children and adults)

Additionally: Bipolar disorder (Adults)

C/I: Not for pregnancy

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6
Q

What drug would you give to lower cholesterol in a patient with CAD or hyperlipidaemia?

A

Simvastatin or Atorvastatin

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7
Q

What is pethidine used for?

A

Pain relief, Moderate to severe [Antispasmodic]

i.e Colic or acute pancreatitis

PethiDINE=FOOD=GI pain

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8
Q

What is phenytoin used for?

A
  • Generalised tonic clonic (grand mal) seizures.

Less commonly:
- Psychomotor seizures
- Convolusize seizures

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9
Q

Whats salbutamol used for?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
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10
Q

What are the indications for aspirin use?

A

Its an antiplatelet so indicated in:

  • CerebroVD
  • IHD
  • PVD
  • Pain

Aspirin = Aspiring to stop stroke

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11
Q

What is cyclazine use for?

A

Nausea and vomiting

Antiemesis

Cyc= cyclone = dizzy = nausea

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12
Q

What is diazepam used for?

A

It is a sedative and anti-convulsant

  • Anxiety
  • ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
  • some epilepsy
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13
Q

What can hydrocortisone be used for? Consider topical vs oral.

A

Topical: Eczma, dermatitis

Oral: Steroid deficiency, inflammatory disease

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14
Q

What is hydroxycobalamin use for?

A

Vit B12 replacement

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15
Q

Whats metformin used for?

A

Type two diabetes blood sugar control.

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16
Q

What medicine do you use for opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

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17
Q

What do you use for paracetamol overdose?

A

N-acetyl-cysteine

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18
Q

What would you use nortyptyline for?

A
  • Neurological pain
  • Depression
  • Smoking cessation

norTYPTline = TRIPPING=Uplifting

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19
Q

What is ondansetron use for?

A

Nausea and vomiting

OdanseTRON = Hamilton = Yuck = Sick

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20
Q

What is omeprazole used for?

A

PPI

Peptic ulcer disease

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21
Q

What is ranitidine and what is it used for?

A

Histamine(2)R antagonist, prevents gastric acid secretion.

  • Duodenal ulcer
  • GORD
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Dyspepsia (pain based one)

RanitiDINE = Dinner = Gastric acid

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22
Q

What is prochlorperazine used for?

A

N&V, antiemetic

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23
Q

What is resperidone used to treat?

A
  • Psychosis i.e schizophrenia

RESPeridone = Respite from the voices ooooohhhh ahhhhhh

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24
Q

What would you use warfarin for?

A

Inhibits the production of Vit K dependent clotting factors, used in:

  • Venous thromboembolism, A-fib, valvular disease
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25
Q

When is Vit K administered?

A
  • Newborn babies (prophylaxis / treatment of haemorrhagic disease of newborns)
  • Warfarin reversal (INR)
  • Vit K deficiency
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26
Q

When would you use heparin unfracitonated?

A
  • prophylaxis/treatment of venous thromboembolism.
  • acute peripheral arterial occlusion.
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27
Q

When would you use low weight molecular heparin?

A

prophylaxis/treatment of venous thromboembolism

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28
Q

When would you use debigatran?

A

treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation

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29
Q

When would you use clopidogrel?

A
  • ischaemic heart disease
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • peripheral vascular disease
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30
Q

What is ceterizine used for?

A

Anti-histamine

Histamine mediated allergy

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31
Q

What is fluconazole used for?

A
  • Azole = Antifungals
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32
Q

How does spirinolactone work and what would you use it for?

A
  • Functions by: Aldosterone antagonist (Diuresis and K sparring)
  • Hypertension and HF

Removes water, deloading the heart and lowering BP

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33
Q

What is the MoA of nifedipine and what is it used for?

A

MoA: Ca Channel blocker

  • hypertension
  • angina (Chronic Stable)
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34
Q

What is the MoA of Metoprolol and what is it used for?

A

MoA: lol = B1 Antagonist.

  • Hypertension
  • IHD
  • CHF
  • Arrhythmias (slows rate)

i.e Lowers HR and BP, less heart work.

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35
Q

What is the MoA of losartan and what is it used for?

A

MoA: ANG2 blocker (ARB) (Vasodilator)

  • Hypertension
36
Q

What is the MoA of felodipine and what is it used for?

A

MoA: Ca channel blocker

  • Hypertension
37
Q

What is the MoA of cilazapril and whats the indications?

A

MoA: ACEi

  • Hypertension
  • HF
38
Q

Whats adrenalin used for?

A
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Shock
39
Q

Whats the MoA of Alendronate and its indications?

A

MoA: Bisphosphonate, decreases osteoclast reabsorption of bone

  • Osteoporosis
  • Pagets disease
40
Q

Whats the MoA of amiodarone and its indicaitons?

A

MoA: Class 3 anti-arrhythmic, K+ blocker

Indicated:
- arrhythmias (Effects last 3 months
- 4th line a-fib (BPAC)

41
Q

What is the MoA of atenolol and its indications?

A

MoA: B1 blocker

  • Hypertension
  • IHD
  • Arrhythmias

i.e Lowers HR and BP, less heart work.

42
Q

What is the MoA of Atropine and its indications?

A

MoA: Antimuscunaric

  • Bradycardia (lowers PNS effects)
  • Treatment of cholinesterase inhibitor overdose
  • Pupil dilation
43
Q

What is the MoA of bendrofluazide and its indications?

A

MoA: Thiazide diuretic (Inhibit NaCl reabsorption) = K and water loss.

  • Hypertension
  • Oedema
44
Q

What is the MoA of Frusemide and its indicaitons?

A

MoA: Loop diuretic

  • Oedema
  • Hypertension
  • Heart failure
45
Q

What is cholecalciferol use in?

A

Vit D deficiency i.e osteoporosis

46
Q

What is colchicine use in?

A

Acute gout flare (In addition to NSAID, prednisone)

COLCHicine = Cochella = Flare = gout flare

47
Q

What is the MoA of Sennoside B and indications?

A

MoA: Stimulant Laxative aka Prunelax

Indications:
- Constipation / IBS

SennoSIDE = Inside = Inside ur bum i.e laxative

48
Q

What are the indications for rifampicin?

A
  • TB (in conjunction with isoniazid)
49
Q

What is Rifampicin and isoniazid used to treat?

A

TB

ISOniazid = ISOlate because you have TB

50
Q

What is isosorbide mononitrate used for? MoA?

A

Ischeamic heart disease.

MoA: Nitrates = NO

Just a dumb name for NO genesis

51
Q

What is lactulose used for?

A

Constipation

52
Q

What is the MoA of Bezafibrate and indications?

A

MoA: Fibrates, chelates lipids?!?

Indicated: Dyslipidaemia

53
Q

What is beclometasone indicated for?

A
  • Inhaled corticosteroid

Indicated in: Asthma, COPD

BEClometasone = Because its hards to breathe

54
Q

What is budesonide used for?

A
  • Inhaled corticosteroid

Indicated in: Asthma, COPD

BUDesonide = BUD like alveolar buds = airway relief

55
Q

What is the use of carbamazepine?

A

To treat epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia

CarbAMAZEpine = amazingly stops epilepsy

56
Q

Whats the use of carbimazole?

A

Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis

57
Q

What is the indication and use of benztropine?

A
  • Parkinsonism
  • Dystonia
  • Extra-pyramidal effects
58
Q

What is the use of dexamethasone?

A
  • Reduces inflammation by regulating gene expression

Indicated in:
- Inflammatory disease
- Steroid deficiency
- Foetal lung maturation

59
Q

What is the MoA of Digoxin and its indicaiton?

A

MoA: Inotrope and slows AVN conduction

  • HF
  • Arrhythmias
60
Q

What is the MoA of diltiazem and its indications?

A

MoA: Ca channel blocker

Indications:
- Arrhythmias
- IHD i.e angina

61
Q

What is docusate sodium used for?

A

To relieve constipation (IBS)

Docusate = didusay a waterfall of diarrhoea

62
Q

What is domperidone used for?

A

Anti-emetic (dopamine agent) used to stop vomiting

domperiDONE = Done vomiting

63
Q

What is eformoterol use for?

A

Short acting beta agonist

64
Q

What is ergometrine used for?

A

Prevention and treatment of post partum heamorrhage

ErgoMETRine = Endometrium

65
Q

What is flumazenil used for?

A

Benzodiazepine overdose

66
Q

What is fluoxetine used for?

A
  • Depression
  • Menopausal symptoms
67
Q

What is fluticasone used for?

A
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Prophylaxis of asthma
68
Q

What is gabapentin used for?

A
  • Epilepsy
  • Nerve pain
69
Q

What are the indications of Glipizide?

A
  • Type two diabetes.
70
Q

What is haloperidol used for?

A

Psychoses

HALOperidol = Hello the voices are speaking to you

71
Q

What are the indications of ipratroprium?

A

Short acting muscanaric agonist

  • COPD
  • Asthma
72
Q

What is lorazepam used for?

A
  • Status epilepticus
  • Anxiety
    = Sedation
73
Q

What is magnesium sulfate used for?

A
  • Hypomagnesiumaemia
  • Arrhythmias
  • Eclampsia seizure prevention
74
Q

What is metoclopromide used for?

A

Treat nausea and vomiting

75
Q

What is misoprostol used for?

A

Obstetrics = Medical termination

76
Q

What is norethisterone used for?

A
  • Contraception
  • Premenstural syndrome
77
Q

What is oxytocin used for?

A
  • Induction of labour
  • Prevent post partum haemorrhage
78
Q

What is prednisone used for?

A

Glucocorticoids

  • Inflammatory disease
  • Steroid deficiency
79
Q

What is amoxicillin and clauvanic acid used for?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic

  • UTI
  • Pneumonia
  • Skin infecitons
80
Q

What would you use benzylpenicillin be used for?

A
  • Strep throat
  • Prophylaxis against Strep B in labour
81
Q

What would you use cephazolin be used for?

A
  • Surgical prophylaxis
  • Resp infections
82
Q

What is chloramphenicol used for?

A

H. influenzae life threatening infections

  • Typhoid fever
  • Eye and ear infections
83
Q

What is doxycycline used for?

A
84
Q

What is erythromycin used for?

A
  • Legionella
  • Comm acq pneumonia
85
Q

What is gentamicin used for?

A
  • Gram negative bacteria
  • Pseudomonas
86
Q

What is meropenam used for?

A

Broad spectrum activity against gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic organisms.

Used in severe hospital-acquired infection and complex lower respiratory infections such as in cystic fibrosis

87
Q

What is metronidazole used for?

A
  • Anaerobic bacteria (i.e C.Diff or peritonitis)
  • Protozoa

Prog test revision MBCHB (6 decks)

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