Medicine throughout time Flashcards
Name 3 ways traditional healers help heal people
setting the mind at rest (often involves a healing ritual)
contacting ancestors
medicinal plants
who performed the world’s first successful heart transplant and where did it take place?
Dr Christiaan Barnard
Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
what is medicine?
the practice of healing someone or making someone feel better
list 3 differences between Western and traditional medicine
1) Western med is practiced by doctors who choose to study for many year to qualify while traditional healing is practiced by people called to their role by their ancestors. Their training is a spiritual experience . An older healer teaches his or her skills to their apprentice.
2) Western med is based on principles of science, technology and knowledge developed mainly in Western Euroupe and North America while traditional healing is based on the belief that illness has more than just physical causes and focuses on the healing of the whole person: body, mind and spirit
3) Western medicine focuses on diseases of the physical body while traditional healing links the spiritual and the physical
what does indigenous mean?
only available locally/unique to a particular area
Explain how contacting the ancestors is believed to help healing
In Traditional African belief, ancestors are involved in our lives and if we do not respect them or follow traditional ways we can get ill or have bad luck. The ancestors are contacted so that relationships with them can be healed thereby improving our health
what do you understand by the term sangoma
a local person who practices traditional medicine in South Africa
what is impepho
a plant that is burned to help call the ancestors because its smoke is regarded as spiritual
another name for a sangoma is
a diviner
T or F: traditional healers may be sangomas or herbalists
True
what is a holistic healing approach?
an approach to healing that looks at the body, mind and spirit of the sick person
Name 3 plants commonly used by traditional healers
buchu
impepho
wild wormwood
list some common strategies used to help stop infectious diseases from spreading
1) isolating infected people
2) covering the mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing
3) hand washing
4) clean and disinfect work areas
5) don’t touch the eyes, nose or mouth with dirty hands
what are infectious diseases
disorders caused by bacteria, viruses, funghi or parasites
For what is Edward Jenner well known
vaccinating people against small pox
What did Louis Pasteur discover
that germs caused disease
Who identified the germs that caused cholera and TB
Robert Koch
Who was Alexander Fleming
The man who developed penicillin, the first antibiotic
list 3 medical discoveries that helped make surgery possible
1) inhaled anaesthetic
2) hand washing to avoid spread of infection
3) blood transfusions
why are x rays useful
they allow doctors to see what is happening inside the body
who was Lewis Washkansky
recipient of the 1st successful human heart transplant in 1967
what is pasteurisation
A process developed by Louis Pasteur to stop foods and liquids making people sick. The process reduces the number of disease causing micro organisms in food/liquid without affecting the taste and quality
Who developed the vaccines for rabies and anthrax
Louis Pasteur
Explain how a dairymaid, a cow named Blossom and a boy named James Phipps contributed to medical science
Edward Jenner took cowpox pus from the sores on the dairymaid’s arms. She had caught cowpox from a cow named Blossom. Jenner made a cut on James Phipps’ arm and smeared the pus into the cut. This was the 1st vaccination and protected James Phipps from getting smallpox
True or False: antibiotics were 1st discovered by accident
true
What motivated Alexander Flemming to find a way to control infections?
His experience in the Royal Medical Corp during WW1 where many soldiers died from infected wounds
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1905?
Robert Koch
What did William Morton invent in 1842
the type of inhaled anaesthetics we use today
name 2 anaesthetics that were used prior to modern anaesthesia being invented
Greeks used opium
Incans chewed cocoa leaves and spat into wounds
What did Ingaz Semmelweiss discover
That germs could be spread via unwashed hands.
when did the 1st human blood transfusion take place
1818
