Medicine throughout time

Question 1

Name 3 ways traditional healers help heal people

Answer 1

setting the mind at rest (often involves a healing ritual)
contacting ancestors
medicinal plants

Question 2

who performed the world’s first successful heart transplant and where did it take place?

Answer 2

Dr Christiaan Barnard

Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town

Question 3

what is medicine?

Answer 3

the practice of healing someone or making someone feel better

Question 4

list 3 differences between Western and traditional medicine

Answer 4

1) Western med is practiced by doctors who choose to study for many year to qualify while traditional healing is practiced by people called to their role by their ancestors. Their training is a spiritual experience . An older healer teaches his or her skills to their apprentice.
2) Western med is based on principles of science, technology and knowledge developed mainly in Western Euroupe and North America while traditional healing is based on the belief that illness has more than just physical causes and focuses on the healing of the whole person: body, mind and spirit
3) Western medicine focuses on diseases of the physical body while traditional healing links the spiritual and the physical

Question 5

what does indigenous mean?

Answer 5

only available locally/unique to a particular area

Question 6

Explain how contacting the ancestors is believed to help healing

Answer 6

In Traditional African belief, ancestors are involved in our lives and if we do not respect them or follow traditional ways we can get ill or have bad luck. The ancestors are contacted so that relationships with them can be healed thereby improving our health

Question 7

what do you understand by the term sangoma

Answer 7

a local person who practices traditional medicine in South Africa

Question 8

what is impepho

Answer 8

a plant that is burned to help call the ancestors because its smoke is regarded as spiritual

Question 9

another name for a sangoma is

Answer 9

a diviner

Question 10

T or F: traditional healers may be sangomas or herbalists

Answer 10

True

Question 11

what is a holistic healing approach?

Answer 11

an approach to healing that looks at the body, mind and spirit of the sick person

Question 12

Name 3 plants commonly used by traditional healers

Answer 12

buchu
impepho
wild wormwood

Question 13

list some common strategies used to help stop infectious diseases from spreading

Answer 13

1) isolating infected people
2) covering the mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing
3) hand washing
4) clean and disinfect work areas
5) don’t touch the eyes, nose or mouth with dirty hands

Question 14

what are infectious diseases

Answer 14

disorders caused by bacteria, viruses, funghi or parasites

Question 15

For what is Edward Jenner well known

Answer 15

vaccinating people against small pox

Question 16

What did Louis Pasteur discover

Answer 16

that germs caused disease

Question 17

Who identified the germs that caused cholera and TB

Answer 17

Robert Koch

Question 18

Who was Alexander Fleming

Answer 18

The man who developed penicillin, the first antibiotic

Question 19

list 3 medical discoveries that helped make surgery possible

Answer 19

1) inhaled anaesthetic
2) hand washing to avoid spread of infection
3) blood transfusions

Question 20

why are x rays useful

Answer 20

they allow doctors to see what is happening inside the body

Question 21

who was Lewis Washkansky

Answer 21

recipient of the 1st successful human heart transplant in 1967

Question 22

what is pasteurisation

Answer 22

A process developed by Louis Pasteur to stop foods and liquids making people sick. The process reduces the number of disease causing micro organisms in food/liquid without affecting the taste and quality

Question 23

Who developed the vaccines for rabies and anthrax

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur

Question 24

Explain how a dairymaid, a cow named Blossom and a boy named James Phipps contributed to medical science

Answer 24

Edward Jenner took cowpox pus from the sores on the dairymaid’s arms. She had caught cowpox from a cow named Blossom. Jenner made a cut on James Phipps’ arm and smeared the pus into the cut. This was the 1st vaccination and protected James Phipps from getting smallpox

Question 25

True or False: antibiotics were 1st discovered by accident

Answer 25

true

Question 26

What motivated Alexander Flemming to find a way to control infections?

Answer 26

His experience in the Royal Medical Corp during WW1 where many soldiers died from infected wounds

Question 27

Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1905?

Answer 27

Robert Koch

Question 28

What did William Morton invent in 1842

Answer 28

the type of inhaled anaesthetics we use today

Question 29

name 2 anaesthetics that were used prior to modern anaesthesia being invented

Answer 29

Greeks used opium

Incans chewed cocoa leaves and spat into wounds

Question 30

What did Ingaz Semmelweiss discover

Answer 30

That germs could be spread via unwashed hands.

Question 31

when did the 1st human blood transfusion take place

Answer 31

1818