medicine through time

Question 1

an ancient greek philosopher who believed everything in the world was made up of four elements: fire, water, earth and air.

Answer 1

aristotle

Question 2

greek physician who developed the theory that the body was made up of four humours. if they were out of balance this would make you sick.

Answer 2

hippocrates

Question 3

roman physician and surgeon. he developed the the theory of opposites that suggested to re-balance the humours, you would need to give someone an item that the was the opposite of the problem the person had. for example, got a cold? eat a hot pepper! he also made some surgical breakthroughs such as discovering the nervous system linked to the brain as well making many errors. for example, he believed the human jaw bone was made of two parts, it is in fact in one part.

Answer 3

galen

Question 4

medieval britain

Answer 4

1000-1500

Question 5

william the conqueror

Answer 5

when he conquered England in 1066, he brought a nursing system to England that emphasised the role of churches as a place that cares for the sick.

Question 6

pope innocent lll

Answer 6

good example of an exact pope to use if you are trying to emphasise the power that the catholic church had over everyday life. he is a pope that you need to know about for the king richard and king john (1189-1216) course.

Question 7

henry vlll

Answer 7

ordered the shutting down of monasteries in 1536, which led to the shutting down of a number of hospitals in england and a weakening of the power of the church.

Question 8

1500-1700

Answer 8

renaissance

Question 9

the first to theorise that the body was made up of chemicals and that chemicals could be created to cure sickness. he experimented with chemicals such as arsenic and mercury.

Answer 9

paracelsus

Question 10

in 1543, he published “the fabric of the human body”. this corrected many of galen’s mistakes to do with the anatomy (structure) of the body.

Answer 10

vesalius

Question 11

developed the theory of contagion, that diseases were contagious. he published “on contagion” in 1546.

Answer 11

francastoro

Question 12

individuals who were responsible for putting money up for bringing fresh water to the city of london in the 17th century.

Answer 12

edmund colthurst and hugh myddleton

Question 13

he developed the correct theory of circulation in the early 1600s, how blood pumped around the body.

Answer 13

william harvey

Question 14

he claimed in 1648 that digestion happened because of stomach acid, not because of anything to do with the four humours.

Answer 14

van helmont

Question 15

wrote the observationes medicae (1676). This was a direct challenge to the very basis of the four humours. sydenham theorised that disease happened because of things attacking the body, not because of imbalances within it.

Answer 15

thomas sydenham

Question 16

he developed the first microscope with funding from the royal society. In 1702, he published images of what he called “animalcules”. the were in fact germs.

Answer 16

antonie van leeuwenhoek

Question 17

18 century

Answer 17

1700 - 1800

Question 18

lady mary montague

Answer 18

she observed the use of variolation (inoculation) in Asia and introduced it to Britain.

Question 19

edward jenner

Answer 19

developed the first vaccination, for smallpox, through observing milkmaids who seemed to be immune to it from contracting cowpox - a milder disease from the same family of diseases.

Question 20

1800 - 1900

Answer 20

the 19th century

Question 21

he published a report in 1842, that suggested the government needed to do more for the poor in big cities as a way of dealing with big outbreaks of illness.

Answer 21

edwin chadwick

Question 22

he developed the first popular anesthetic, after discovering chloroform had the ability to make you unconscious for periods of time.

Answer 22

james simpson

Question 23

improved hospital training and conditions after experiencing how bad things were in the crimean war of 1853.

Answer 23

florence nightingale

Question 24

he made chloroform safer by inventing a dispenser. later, in 1854, he used an outbreak of cholera in soho, london to prove the link between water and that disease.

Answer 24

john snow

Question 25

he published his 4 principles of germ theory in 1861

Answer 25

louis pasteur

Question 26

“if pasteur gave us the alphabet, koch wrote books.” koch discovered specific germs for specific diseases in the 1880s, such as cholera and tuberculosis.

Answer 26

robert koch

Question 27

the modern world

Answer 27

1900 - 2000 -

Question 28

alexander fleming

Answer 28

in 1928, he wrote a paper on the healing substance that surrounded mould

Question 29

howard florey and ernst chain

Answer 29

developed penicillin using the principles of the research of alexander fleming.