Medicine Through Time

Question 0

What surgical procedures were performed in the ancient world

Answer 0

Basic surgery including setting broken bones nose surgery amputations and removing tumours

Question 1

Who was Galen

Answer 1

Developed a knowledge of anatomy by dissecting animals prove that the brain controls the body by dissecting a pig also developed four humours theory

Question 2

Who was James Simpson

Answer 2

Discovered the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic 1847
campaigned for increase use of anaesthetic in surgery and childbirth
Queen Victoria used is one of his patient

Question 3

Who was Joseph lister ?

Answer 3

Used carbonic acid spray as an antiseptic during surgery in order to kill The germs in the air (1865 to 67) this cut his post operation mortality rate to 5%

Question 4

What is an anaesthetic

Answer 4

form of pain relief

Question 5

Who discovered blood groups?

Answer 5

Karl Landsteiner in 1901

This was important because it made blood transfusions much more effective

Question 6

Who was Robert Liston?

Answer 6

The first European surgeon to use anaesthetics during an operation a well-known speed surgeon famous the managing to kill three people in one operation to due to infection and blood poisoning

Question 7

Who was Archibald Mcindoe

Answer 7

A surgeon who pioneered reconstructive surgery during World War II to rebuild the faces of soldiers, especially pilots who were burnt by aviation fluid

Question 8

What is carbolic used for?

Answer 8

It was used during the 19th century to kill bacteria during surgery

Question 9

What was the guinea pig club?

Answer 9

A group of men helped by Mcindoe And his team of plastic surgeons – they have a lot of respect for him

Question 10

What is chloroform?

Answer 10

The first effective anaesthetic to be used regularly – it was discovered by James Simpson 1847

Question 11

Who was Andreas Vesalius

Answer 11

Drew first accurate pictures of body publish book that correct Galens earlier mistakes on anatomy – “the fabric of the human body” Led to further research and understanding of human body

Question 12

Who was William Harvey?

Answer 12

Discovered an proved that the heart works like a pump. Worked out the bloody circulated around the body. Published his findings

Question 13

How did prehistoric people learn about anatomy?

Answer 13

Through hunting – we know Through cave paintings that they knew how the heart was important and where to find it

Question 14

What is trepanning?

Answer 14

Prehistoric practice of removing part of the skull to release evil spirits

Question 15

How was blood loss stopped before pare’s ligature?

Answer 15

Cauterisation – red hot metal poker would seal the wound shut. This was very painful and often led infection

Question 16

How did ancient Egyptians find out about the body?

Answer 16

Through mummification- The religious practice of preparing the body for the afterlife which involved removing the vital organs

Question 17

What are the three barriers to successful surgery?

Answer 17

1. Pain
2. Blood loss
3. Infection

Question 18

Who perform surgery during the middle ages?

Answer 18

A barber surgeon – often actual barbers or Butchers who performed simple surgeries such as amputations and bleeding

Question 19

Three surgical advances made possible by 20th century war?

Answer 19

Blood transfusions (World War I) increases of x-rays (World War I) plastic surgery (skin graft during World War I reconstructive surgery during World War II)

Question 20

Who was Semmelweiss?

Answer 20

He worked out that washing before medical procedure reduced the risk of infection. He reduced death rates in his hospital by forcing cleanliness in medical students before they examined patient

Question 21

Who was Ambroise Pare?

Answer 21

Develop new ways of dealing with battlefield wounds including a mixture of rose oil eggs and turpentine.
Introduced ligatures as they are less painful way of sealing severed blood vessels

Question 22

What is an antiseptic ?

Answer 22

A way of fighting infection by killing bacteria

Question 23

When was the first transplant?

Answer 23

It was a heart transplant by Christian Barnard in 1967 South Africa
The first heart and lung transplant was in 1980

Question 24

Who was Christian Barnard?

Answer 24

A South African heart surgeon who carried out the worlds first heart transplant in 1967. Patient later dies, but much had been learned from operation

Question 25

Who was Helmuth Wesse?

Answer 25

He developed the first anaesthetic that could be injected straight into the bloodstream, make it much easier to control doses

Question 26

Who was Marie Curie?

Answer 26

She developed the first x-ray technology and discovered that radium could be used to diagnose and treat cancer. She is the only woman to win 2 Nobel prizes

Question 27

Free factors which helped surgery developed in the 20th

Answer 27

1. War
2. Science and technology
3. individuals

Question 28

What is aseptic surgery?

Answer 28

The removal of all germs from operating theatre – this is how modern surgery takes place, in sterile theatres

Question 29

What is anatomy?

Answer 29

The study of the human body and how it works

Question 30

What is a ligature ?

Answer 30

A way of stopping blood loss from severed artery or vein during surgery by tying it off with a thread

Question 31

What is a transfusion?

Answer 31

Giving blood from one person to another when a patient has suffered severe blood loss

Question 32

Why was ether not an effective painkiller?

Answer 32

It did not always knock the patient out completely. It cause nausea and cause irritation to the eyes, nose and throat

Question 33

What was Vesalius’s book of human drawing called?

Answer 33

The fabric of the human body.

Published in 1543

Question 34

Muslim doctors performed which complex surgeries during the Middle Ages?

Answer 34

The first recorded Caesarean sections and Cataracts removal