Medicine Through Time

Question 1

Galen

Answer 1

1250-100 (The Middle Ages)
Ancient Greek
Developed the Theory of Opposites
Believed blood came from the liver
Used bloodletting to balance the Four Humours

Question 2

Hippocrates

Answer 2

1250-1500 (The Middle Ages)
Ancient Roman
Developed the Theory of the Four Humours

Question 3

Thomas Sydenham

Answer 3

1500-1700 (Renaissance)
Worked as a doctor in London
Wrote Observationes Medicae in 1676
Observed patient’s symptoms when diagnosing
Known as the English Hippocrates

Question 4

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 4

1500-1700 (Renaissance)
Wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body in 1543
Studied the human body and developed the study of anatomy
Proved 300 of Galen’s ideas wrong
Used dissections and encouraged others to do the same

Question 5

William Harvey

Answer 5

1500-1700 (Renaissance)
Was the king’s doctor
Discovered the process of blood circulation
Proved blood came from the heart
Dissected cold blooded animals to see the direction of blood flow

Question 6

Louis Pasteur

Answer 6

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Germ Theory 1861
Theorised germs are in the air around us and that is what makes us sick

Question 7

Robert Koch

Answer 7

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Developed germ theory and found different germs cause different diseases
Had a greater impact than Pasteur did and encouraged others to study microbes

Question 8

Florence Nightingale

Answer 8

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Went to the Crimea and changed Scutari hospital so it was cleaner and more hygienic
Mortality rate dropped from 42% to 2%
Wrote Notes on Nursing and made nursing more respectable
Developed British hospitals e.g. the pavilion plan and improved ventilation with separate wards

Question 9

Joseph Lister

Answer 9

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Developed the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic in 1866
Inspired by Pasteur’s Germ Theory when studying the spread of infection
This led to aseptic surgery - cleaning tools before operations

Question 10

James Simpson

Answer 10

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Developed the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic
Ether had been used before this but it was dangerous
Used from 1847 but it was dangerous to get the dosage right

Question 11

Edward Jenner

Answer 11

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Developed the vaccine against Smallpox which was a prevention
Compulsory vaccinations from 1852

Question 12

John Snow

Answer 12

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Observed the cholera epidemic of 1854
Spot map helped identify the Broad St Pump as the cause of Cholera proving Cholera was caused by contaminated water, not miasma

Question 13

Edwin Chadwick

Answer 13

1700-1900 (Industrial)
Wrote the Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Classes
This led to the First and Second Public Health Acts which improved government involvement in public health