Medicine Through Time

Question 1

What is the definition of purging?

Answer 1

To rid the body of an ‘excess’ like blood or vomit.

Question 2

What is the definition of leeching?

Answer 2

The use of leeches for bloodletting.

Question 3

What is the definition of cupping?

Answer 3

Using glass cups to draw blood to the surface.

Question 4

What is the definition of Miasma?

Answer 4

The theory that bad air causes disease.

Question 5

What is a barber surgeon?

Answer 5

A barber surgeon did a lot of things. They would cut hair and they would perform basic surgeries - you would go to see them for a lot things.

Question 6

Name the 4 humors.

Answer 6

Blood, Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Phlegm

Question 7

Who has Hippocrates?

Answer 7

Ancient Greek physician who came up with the theory of the 4 humors. His approach was more natural. He developed the idea of a clinical observation. and record the illness and progression of the illness.

Question 8

Who was Galen?

Answer 8

Ancient physician who adapted the works of Hippocrates. He dissected other animals to try and get an idea of the human anatomy. His ideas were incorrect however it formed a basis for new physicians. For example he though blood was made in the liver. He created the Theory of the Opposites. His work was used for 1400 years. The church did not allow people to question Galen as he believed that God created everything. If people challenged him it would be like they challenged the church and God that’s why medicine didn’t progress for so long until the church lost power.

Question 9

What did people in the Middle Ages believe caused disease?

Answer 9

God (Religious Cause), Astrology (Supernatural Cause), Miasma (Rational Cause), Jews and Witches (Supernatural Cause).

Question 10

What was the treatment for the 4 humors?

Answer 10

Cupping, Leeching, Purging and theory of the opposites - all to rebalance the 4 humors.

Question 11

What was the treatment for Miasma?

Answer 11

Cleansing of the body, Praying, Fasting, Pilgrimages

Question 12

What was the treatment for diseases caused by God?

Answer 12

Pray to God that he removes the illness.

Question 13

Superstition was believed to prevent illnesses - name what was one of the superstitions.

Answer 13

Burning aromatic herbs or bathing on vinegar.

Question 14

When was the Black Death outbreak?

Answer 14

1348

Question 15

What were the main symptoms of the Black Death?

Answer 15

Violent Fever, oozing sores, swollen armpits

Question 16

What causes were believed to cause the Black Death?

Answer 16

Curse from God, Cats and Dogs

Question 17

What were the flagellants?

Answer 17

The flagellants were medieval religious religious sects that included public bathing’s with whips as part of discipline and devotional practices.

Question 18

What is a plague?

Answer 18

Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people.

Question 19

Who was Andreas Vesalius?

Answer 19

He lived in the Renaissance era. He was keen to highlight Galen’s shortcomings. He dissected humans even though it was illegal. He wrote a book called the fabrica.

Question 20

What did William Harvey discover?

Answer 20

That heart pumps blood all around the body. (circulatory system)

Question 21

When was the Great Plague outbreak?

Answer 21

1664 - 1665

Question 22

What causes were believed to cause the Great Plague?

Answer 22

Miasma and cats and dogs

Question 23

What were the treatments for the Great Plague?

Answer 23

Bathing in urine

Question 24

What were the preventions for the Great Plague?

Answer 24

Ringing Bells, Isolating ill people

Question 25

What were some of the Governments action to the Great Plague?

Answer 25

200,000 cats and dogs were killed, Banning public gatherings, Public Prayers, If you had the plague you had to put a red cross on your door of lambs blood.

Question 26

What was the biggest invention of the Renaissance that helped ideas spread?

Answer 26

Printing Press

Question 27

Who discovered the Germ Theory?

Answer 27

Louis Pasteur

Question 28

When was the Germ Theory discovered?

Answer 28

1861

Question 29

When was the Public Health Act signed?

Answer 29

1875

Question 30

Who was John Snow?

Answer 30

English doctor who found out about cholera.

Question 31

What did Edward Jenner discover?

Answer 31

Smallpox Vaccine

Question 32

What did James Simpson discover?

Answer 32

Discovered anesthesia. (Chloroform) ‘Sleepy Simpson’

Question 33

What did Joseph Lister discover?

Answer 33

Antiseptics (Carbolic Acid)

Question 34

What did Florence Nightingale do?

Answer 34

Revolutionized nursing as a profession by cleaning hospitals which reduced death rate.

Question 35

When was the NHS launched?

Answer 35

1948

Question 36

What is a magic bullet?

Answer 36

A vaccine which looked for specific germs and killed it.

Question 37

What is lung cancer?

Answer 37

Second most common cancer in the UK. 40,000 people diagnosed with it every year. Biggest cause tobacco smoking.