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History Year 10 > Medicine Through Time > Flashcards

Medicine Through Time Flashcards

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1
Q

What problem did Mary Seacole face wheb she applied to be a nurse in the War department in London?

A

She w as turned away. she was under no illusion that thsi was because of her colour.

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2
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A preconceived idea or view about someone before knowing what that person is like.

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3
Q

What is the ‘germ theory of disease’ ?

A

Formed in mid 1860s, outlined the discovery that heat could be used to kill bacteria that were present without liquids.

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4
Q

What did Louis Pasteur use to test his theory?

A

He worked out that heated wine and beer to 57 degrees celcius did not become contaminated by micro organisms.

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5
Q

What is the process of heating foods to kill harmful bacteria known as?

A

Pasteurisation.

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6
Q

What temperature is milk heated to nowadays?

A

72 degrees celcius for 15 minutes. Can stay in a fridge for up to 2 weeks.
Temperatures are much hiher than in Pasteur’s days.

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7
Q

What is UHT?

A

Ultra High Temperature - heated to 150 degrees celcius for15 minutes. Shelf life of seversl months outside of a fridge.

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8
Q

What vaccine did Pasteur create?

A

The rabies vaccine in 1885

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9
Q

Which biomedical research facility was opened in 1888?

A

The Pasteur Institute in France

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10
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

Treatment which helps the body fight a disease.

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11
Q

What is the meaning of ‘immune’ ?

A

Bodies ability to defend itself against infection.

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12
Q

What is a ‘microbiologist’?

A

A person who studies micro-organisms.

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13
Q

in what century did scientists begin to experiment with ananesthetics to put patients to sleep?

A

Early 19th century

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14
Q

What was the first gas used?

A

Laughing gas.

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15
Q

What was laughing gas used for?

A

Pulling teeth.

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16
Q

In 1846, what was the first gas used in America?

A

Ether

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17
Q

Who first used ‘ether’ in London?

A

Robert Liston in London

18
Q

In 1847 James Simpson was the first to use what successfully?

A

chloroform

19
Q

What happened in the ‘Black period of surgery’?

A

The death rate rose as surgeons took more time and attempted more difficult surgery with the use of chloroform.

20
Q

What did patients die from durig the black period of surgery?

A

-doctors didn’t wash hands
-coughed over patients
-wore bloody aprons as a badge of honour

21
Q

What did Johh Snow develope in the 1850s?

A

An inhaler which regulated the dosage of chloroform

22
Q

What did Joseph Lister discover in 1867?

A

Carbolic spray - effective in stopping wounds getting gangrene

23
Q

Until the acceptance of germ theory in the 1860s, surgeons did not take precautions to protect open wounds. They did not wash their hands or sterilse equipment.
TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

24
Q

in the later part of the 19th century there were other developmentd which reduced death rate.
List 2

A
  • cleanliness and nursing care improved when Florence Nightingale retiurned to the UK
  • aseptic surgery reduced risk of infection
  • x-rays allowed surgeons to look before operating
25
Q

What did Karl Landsteiner discover in the early 20th century?

A

Blood groups

26
Q

What was set up in 1938?

A

The National Blood Transfusion Service in Britain

27
Q

What was a major catalyst for the rapid development of blood banks and transfusion techniques?

A

World War One

28
Q

What is asepsis?

A

The absence of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms

29
Q

What did Chain and Florey discover in 1930s, inspired by the work of Alexander Fleming?

A

Penicillin

30
Q

Godfrey Hounsfield invented what in 1972?

A

CAT scanner

31
Q

Which type of surgery became more widely used in 1990s

A

keyhole

32
Q

in 1948 the National Health Service was set up. What did it provide?

A

Free doctors and hospitals paid out of taxes.

33
Q

What are AHP?

A

radiography
dietetics
occupational therapy
physio
speech and language

34
Q

How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

A

He returned from holiday to find thatthe bacteria in some old petri dishes was being killed by the mould - penicillin.

35
Q

When was penicillin mass produced?

A

1943

36
Q

Why are health organisations limiting the use of antibiotics?

A

overuse means they are becoming less effective

37
Q

Who was the most famous female scientist?

A

Marie Curis

38
Q

What prize did she win and what for?

A

Nobel prize for both physics and chemistry.

39
Q

in July 1898, working alongside her husband Pierre, she discovered 2 new chemical elements. What were they?

A

Polonium nad radium. Radioactive elements.

40
Q

What did these 2 new chemical elements develop treatment for?

A

Cancerous tumours.

41
Q

What vital role did Curie play in World war 1?

A

Getting x-ray units into field hospitals and mobile x-ray vehicles. This was vital for injured troops.

42
Q

What did Marie Curie die from?

A

Leukaemia
She carried test tubes of radioctive radium around in her lab coat pocket, not realising it was affecting her health.

History Year 10 (2 decks)

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