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History > Medicine Through Time > Flashcards

Medicine Through Time Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Physician mean?

A

Doctor

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2
Q

Hippocrates life time?

A

460 - 377 bc

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3
Q

Name at least three promises of the hippocratic oath?

A 
Don't give people deadly drugs
Confidentuality
Only treat people when it benifits them
No abortions
Only visit people for medical reasons
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4
Q

What are Hippocrates books called?

A

The Hippocratic collection

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5
Q

What didi Hippocrates start to do to patients?

A

Observe their symptoms

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6
Q

What was Hippocrates theory?

A

The four humors

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7
Q

What are the four humors?

A

Blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm

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8
Q

How many books did Galen write on medicine?

A

350

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9
Q

What did Galen’s ideas agree with?

A

Christiality

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10
Q

What did Galen come up with?

A

The thoery of opposites

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11
Q

What was the theory of opposites?

A

Balencing the four humors to cure people. E.g. bleeding

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12
Q

How did Galen find out about body structure?

A

He dissected animals

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13
Q

Galen disscovered that the brain …

A

Controlled speech and not the heart

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14
Q

Where did the Romans get the idea of sewage from?

A

Greece

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15
Q

Why did the Romans create roads

A

To help in the war

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16
Q

What was bad about Roman hospitals?

A

Only soilders can use them

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17
Q

What was blamed for a lot of illness in the middle ages?

A

Supernatural causes and god

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18
Q

Why wasn’t their much progress after Galen?

A

Because Galen’s ideas supported religion and so were pushed by the church as fact

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19
Q

Why did people use proyer as a cure?

A

They believed that god made them ill as a punishment

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20
Q

How did the church hold back medicine after Gaken?

A

Most learning was done in churches and they made sure that doctors learnt through Galens books and they did not question it

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21
Q

In the middle ages, what were people diagnosed on?

A

Urine
Observation
Four humor checking

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22
Q

What was bad about hospitals in churches?

A

They looked after old and frail people and sent away those with infectious diseases

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23
Q

In the middle ages, what advice was given to stay healthy? ( Mainly to the rich )

A 
Eat light meals
Exercise
Fresh air
Stay on good terms with your neighbours
Avoid stress
Check your urine
Bath in hot water
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24
Q

How was anatomy taught in Vesalius’ time?

A

You would watch a live dissection

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25
Q

What book did Vesalius’ write?

A

Fabric of the human body

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26
Q

What was Harvey’s main achievment?

A

Getting across the importance of observation

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27
Q

What was Pare’s main achievment?

A

Used thread to close wounds and developed some artificial limbs

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28
Q

What attitude did the government have?

A

A lassez-fair attitude

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29
Q

When was the second outbreak of Cholera?

A

1848

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30
Q

How was Cholera spread?

A

Dirty water

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31
Q

Who recognised the cause of Cholera?

A

John Snow

32
Q

Whaere did Cholera start?

A

Asia

33
Q

What did Pasteur originally start to investigate?

A

The problem of liquids turning sour in the brewing and vinegar industry

34
Q

What piece of equipment was invented around Pasteur’s time?

A

Powerful microscopes

35
Q

What was Pasteur’s first discovery?

A

Heating a liquid killed the liquid and stopped it going sour

36
Q

What did Pasteur’s work prove? What did it disprove?

A

In 1861, Pasteur published his germ theory showing that there were microbes in the air that caused decay. This disproved the theory of spontaneous generation as no decay occurred if the matter was placed in a sealed container - in other words, the microbes causing decay were caused not by the matter itself but by the air around it.

37
Q

How useful in an exam means?

A

How much it can tell us and how reliable is it

38
Q

N O P

A

Nature Origin Purpose

39
Q

Factors of disease in the 19th century?

A

Dirty water
Back to back housing
Overfilled drainage
Unhygienic living conditions and streets

40
Q

How did housing cause disease?

A

Only the wealthy got their own water supply
Back to back housing
Not all houses had toilets
Unclean and crowded living spaces

41
Q

How did sanitation cause disease?

A

People used human waste as fertilizer
Drains easily overflowed
Raw sewage in drinking water

42
Q

What did Pasteur originally start to investigate?

A

The problem of liquids turning sour in the brewing and vinegar industry

43
Q

What piece of equipment was invented around Pasteur’s time?

A

Powerful microscopes

44
Q

What was Pasteur’s first discovery?

A

Heating a liquid killed the liquid and stopped it going sour

45
Q

What did Pasteur’s work prove?

A

In 1861, Pasteur published his germ theory showing that there were microbes in the air that caused decay. This disproved the theory of spontaneous generation as no decay occurred if the matter was placed in a sealed container - in other words, the microbes causing decay were caused not by the matter itself but by the air around it.

46
Q

Reasons that Public Health failed to improve before the PHA’s?

A 
Lassez-fair attitude
Lack of funding
No scientific knoledge
Overcrowding
Unhygienic living conditions
Vested interests against change
47
Q

N O P

A

Nature Origin Purpose

48
Q

Factors of disease in the 19th century?

A

Dirty water
Back to back housing
Overfilled drainage
Unhygienic living conditions and streets

49
Q

How did housing cause disease?

A

Only the wealthy got their own water supply
Back to back housing
Not all houses had toilets
Unclean and crowded living spaces

50
Q

Describe the 1875 PHA

A 
MUST
Improve sewers and drainage
Provide fresh water
Appoint a local medical officer
Sanitary inspectors to inspect PH facilities
Improve the standards of housing
Stop the pollution of rivers
Shorten woman and children's working hours
Illegal to add chalk e.g. to food
Make education compulsary
51
Q

When did Edwin Chadwick write a report that the first PHA was based on?

A

1842

52
Q

Where did The Great Stink come from?

A

The Thames

53
Q

When was the first Cholera outbreak?

A

1831-2

54
Q

When was The Great Stink?

A

1858

55
Q

Reasons that Public Health failed to improve before the PHA’s?

A 
Lassez-fair attitude
Lack of funding
No scientific knoledge
Overcrowding
Unhygienic living conditions
Vested interests against change
56
Q

Who challenged Britain’s position as leading industrial power due to better health and education?

A

America and Germany

57
Q

Why would people not support Chadwick?

A

They did not want change, water companies would lose money and the middle class would be paying for changes that did not affect them

58
Q

Describe the 1848 PHA

A 
MUST
Set up a national General Board Of Health
ALLOWED
Set up local boards of health
Appoint a local medical officer
Organise the removal of rubbish
Build a sewer system
59
Q

Describe the 1875 PHA

A 
MUST
Improve sewers and drainage
Provide fresh water
Appoint a local medical officer
Sanitary inspectors to inspect PH facilities
Improve the standards of housing
Stop the pollution of rivers
Shorten woman and children's working hours
Illegal to add chalk e.g. to food
Make education compulsary
60
Q

When did Edwin Chadwick write a report that the first PHA was based on?

A

1842

61
Q

Which governmant passed the PHA

A

Liberal governmant

62
Q

What year were schools legally required to have a clinic that provided free medical treatment to children?

A

1912

63
Q

What year were old age pensions paid to people over 70 who did not have enough money to live on?

A

1908

64
Q

What did the Boar war show?

A

Half of the volunteers to fight were unfit for service which maent that Britain would be unable to defend her empire

65
Q

What year did the National Insurance Act form?

A

1911

66
Q

Which Liberal politician sympathized with the lower class?

A

David Lloyd George

67
Q

What did Winston Churchill encourage the Liberal government to introduce?

A

Their reforms

68
Q

What year did working class men gain the right to vote?

A

1906

69
Q

What year were free school meals legally required to be provided in school?

A

1906

70
Q

In what year were all births legally required to be notified to the local medical officer?

A

1907

71
Q

What year were schools legally required to have a clinic that provided free medical treatment to children?

A

1912

72
Q

What year were old age pensions paid to people over 70 who did not have enough money to live on?

A

1908

73
Q

What year were back to back houses banned?

A

1909

74
Q

What year did the National Insurance Act form?

A

1911

75
Q

Who payed for the National Inusrance

A

Workers earning under £160, their employers and the govrnment

History (1 decks)

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