Medicine stands still

Question 1

When was Al Razi around?

Answer 1

C. 865 to C. 925

Question 2

Al Razi: Area of medicine/health?

Answer 2

Doctor

Question 3

Al Razi: What did he do?

Answer 3

Encouraged careful observation and wrote 150 medical books

Question 4

When was Avicenna around?

Answer 4

980 to 1037

Question 5

Avicenna: Area of medicine/health?

Answer 5

Doctor

Question 6

Avicenna: What did he do?

Answer 6

Wrote ‘Cannon of Medicine’

Question 7

When was Hippocrates around?

Answer 7

460BC to 370BC

Question 8

Hippocrates: Area of medicine/health?

Answer 8

Greek doctor

Question 9

Hippocrates: What did they do?

Answer 9

Using natural explanations for disease and The Four Humours

Question 10

When was Galen around?

Answer 10

150AD to 210AD

Question 11

Galen: Area of medicine/health?

Answer 11

Doctor and surgeon

Question 12

Galen: What did they do?

Answer 12

Dissecting animals and anatomical discovery (e.g. arteries)

Question 13

When were germs discovered?

Answer 13

1861

Question 14

Common themes in medicine

Answer 14

— Women
— God
— Witches
— Animals
— Food/water

Question 15

Who were more likely able to afford treatment?

Answer 15

The rich

Question 16

What does Poultice mean?

Answer 16

A type of cream to apply to a wound to remove the inflammation.

Question 17

What does a French doctor suggest?

Answer 17

Wound on leg: cut it off

Peeling back skin and rubbing salt into the wound

Question 18

What does a Muslim doctor suggest?

Answer 18

Prescribed an inflammation cream for sore on leg

Question 19

What does Trepanned mean?

Answer 19

Drilling a hole in the skull to help cure illnesses such as headaches

Question 20

What is a Greek Asclepion?

Answer 20

Healing temples: spiritual and physical healing

Question 21

What is a Roman Aqueduct?

Answer 21

Has clean hygienic water to drink and wash with.

Question 22

A what is the Four Humours theory?

Answer 22

Each humour was linked to certain characteristics that physicians would look for when carrying out their diagnosis

Question 23

Four Humours examples:

Answer 23

Fever/temperature: Skin go hot or red so they believed they had too much blood.

Question 24

Four Humours examples:

Answer 24

Cold: too much phlegm which was cold and wet; shivering would cause excess phlegm to run out of their nose

Question 25

What books did Avicenna write?

Answer 25

Book of Healing & Cannon of Medicine

Question 26

How many times were his books printed between 1516 and 1574?

Answer 26

Around 60 times

Question 27

When were medical schools set up?

Answer 27

12th Century

Question 28

What methods of diagnosis were used?

Answer 28

Urine and astrological info

Question 29

What methods of treatment were used?

Answer 29

Based on Galen’s thoughts and ideas (Purging, blood letting, herbs)

Question 30

Who treated patients?

Answer 30

Male physicians, pharmacists and barber surgeons

Question 31

What was the role of women?

Answer 31

Not allowed to attend medical school, still able to be a midwife

Question 32

Who did the dissections?

Answer 32

Assistants

Question 33

Why did this hinder medicine?

Answer 33

The students never got to do anything for themselves until their very first patient after they were qualified

Question 34

How did religion help?

Answer 34

Sick people turned to monasteries or church for help; prayers and charms were used

Question 35

Why did people pray to Saint Lucy?

Answer 35

She invoked against blindness or eye problems

Question 36

Why did people pray to Saint Anthony?

Answer 36

For miracles or for people who went to war

Question 37

Healer

Answer 37

A village woman who acted as a midwife and had special knowledge of herbs and charms

Question 38

Barber surgeon

Answer 38

Always a man - pulled teeth and performed simple surgery

Question 39

Apothecary

Answer 39

A man who sold wine, herbs and spices

Question 40

Physician

Answer 40

Trained man who had trained at a European medical school. He would use astrological and urine charts