Medicine stands still Flashcards
When was Al Razi around?
C. 865 to C. 925
Al Razi: Area of medicine/health?
Doctor
Al Razi: What did he do?
Encouraged careful observation and wrote 150 medical books
When was Avicenna around?
980 to 1037
Avicenna: Area of medicine/health?
Doctor
Avicenna: What did he do?
Wrote ‘Cannon of Medicine’
When was Hippocrates around?
460BC to 370BC
Hippocrates: Area of medicine/health?
Greek doctor
Hippocrates: What did they do?
Using natural explanations for disease and The Four Humours
When was Galen around?
150AD to 210AD
Galen: Area of medicine/health?
Doctor and surgeon
Galen: What did they do?
Dissecting animals and anatomical discovery (e.g. arteries)
When were germs discovered?
1861
Common themes in medicine
— Women — God — Witches — Animals — Food/water
Who were more likely able to afford treatment?
The rich
What does Poultice mean?
A type of cream to apply to a wound to remove the inflammation.
What does a French doctor suggest?
Wound on leg: cut it off
Peeling back skin and rubbing salt into the wound
What does a Muslim doctor suggest?
Prescribed an inflammation cream for sore on leg
What does Trepanned mean?
Drilling a hole in the skull to help cure illnesses such as headaches
What is a Greek Asclepion?
Healing temples: spiritual and physical healing
What is a Roman Aqueduct?
Has clean hygienic water to drink and wash with.
A what is the Four Humours theory?
Each humour was linked to certain characteristics that physicians would look for when carrying out their diagnosis
Four Humours examples:
Fever/temperature: Skin go hot or red so they believed they had too much blood.
Four Humours examples:
Cold: too much phlegm which was cold and wet; shivering would cause excess phlegm to run out of their nose
What books did Avicenna write?
Book of Healing & Cannon of Medicine
How many times were his books printed between 1516 and 1574?
Around 60 times
When were medical schools set up?
12th Century
What methods of diagnosis were used?
Urine and astrological info
What methods of treatment were used?
Based on Galen’s thoughts and ideas (Purging, blood letting, herbs)
Who treated patients?
Male physicians, pharmacists and barber surgeons
What was the role of women?
Not allowed to attend medical school, still able to be a midwife
Who did the dissections?
Assistants
Why did this hinder medicine?
The students never got to do anything for themselves until their very first patient after they were qualified
How did religion help?
Sick people turned to monasteries or church for help; prayers and charms were used
Why did people pray to Saint Lucy?
She invoked against blindness or eye problems
Why did people pray to Saint Anthony?
For miracles or for people who went to war
Healer
A village woman who acted as a midwife and had special knowledge of herbs and charms
Barber surgeon
Always a man - pulled teeth and performed simple surgery
Apothecary
A man who sold wine, herbs and spices
Physician
Trained man who had trained at a European medical school. He would use astrological and urine charts
