Medicine Stands Still Flashcards
What did medieval England believe caused disease?
People believed disease was a punishment from God for people’s sins: Disease existed to show error in people’s ways.
What other causes of disease were believed in medieval England?
People also believed disease was caused by evil spirits like demons or witches.
How did medieval England treat disease?
1- Prayer,
2- Repentance/flagellants,
3- Bloodletting,
4- Purifying the air by breathing in flowers,
5- Homemade remedies from a wise woman, apothecary, or made at home,
6- Different healers (Physicians, apothecary),
7- Surgery: Performed by a barber.
Where could one find homemade remedies?
From a wise woman, apothecary, or made at home.
Who were the different healers in medieval England?
Physicians and apothecaries.
Who was Al-Razi?
Abu Bakr al Razi was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist.
What did Al-Razi distinguish?
He distinguished measles from smallpox.
How many books did Al-Razi write?
He wrote over 150 books.
What was Al-Razi’s belief about students?
He thought that all students should improve on the work of their teacher.
What did Muslim scholars contribute to medicine?
Muslim scholars wrote numerous medical books.
What was the healthcare infrastructure like in Muslim countries?
Every town and city had a hospital.
What was the Muslim belief regarding helping the sick?
Muslims believed it was their duty to help the sick.
What did Prophet Muhammad say about illness?
For every illness, Allah has given a cure.
What was encouraged among scientists according to Prophet Muhammad’s teachings?
Scientists were encouraged to discover those cures.
This reflects the Islamic tradition of valuing knowledge and discovery in medicine.
What role did Islamic hospitals play in medical education?
Islamic hospitals were sights for medical education as well as healing.
What type of training did doctors receive in Islamic hospitals?
Doctors received practical training in hospitals and observed patients at the bedside.
What action did the town of Gloucester take to prevent the spread of disease?
The town of Gloucester tried to shut itself off from the outside world after hearing the black death had reached Bristol.
When did the disease reach London?
The disease reached London in November 1348.
What significant action did parliament take in London,January 1349?
In January 1349, Parliament was closed.
What two plagues made up the Black Death?
Bubonic plague and Pneumonic plague.
What is the Bubonic plague?
Spread by the bites of fleas from rats carried on ships. It caused headaches and a high temperature, followed by pus-filled swellings on the skin.
What is the Pneumonic plague?
Airborne, spread through coughs and sneezes. It attacked the lungs, making it painful to breathe and caused victims to cough up blood.
When did the black death first arrive in Britain?
1348
What did people believe caused the black death?
- Judgement from god,
- Humour imbalances,
- Miasma.
What were the living conditions like in medieval monasteries?
Monasteries separated clean and dirty water.
How did monasteries prevent the spread of infection?
Monasteries had separate kitchens and facilities for sick monks.
Why could monasteries maintain cleanliness?
They were wealthy and could afford to separate latrine buildings and keep everything clean.
What were living conditions like medieval towns?
.Houses were made up of wood and crammed close together meaning fires were super common.
.Most towns didn’t have clean water supplies so sewage would find a way into clean water.
.Businesses and homes were not separate.
What did Hugh of Lucca and his son begin using to dress wounds?
Bandages soaked in wine.
They believed that the wine helped to keep wounds clean and prevent infection.
How did medieval doctors use Astrology?
Medieval doctors used a calendar, known as an Almanac, to determine the positions of stars and planets.
What were public hospitals set up for?
To care for the sick and elderly, not to cure disease
Public hospitals were established by the church.
Fill in the blank: Public hospitals were set up by the _______.
[church]
