Medicine stands still 1/2

Question 1

What were the 2 ways people thought were the causes for disease

Answer 1

1. A punishment from God for people’s sins to make them become better people
2. Caused by evil supernatural beings like demons or witches whch they were tried as witches and executed

Question 2

what were the 3 ways people treated diseases

Answer 2

1. through prayer and repentance
2. through exorcism which is using chants to remove evil spirits from person’s body
3. people were Tried as witches and executed

Question 3

What were the 2 ways Roman Catholic church influence medieval medicine

Answer 3

1. Encouraged people to believe that disease was a punishment of god rather than natural cause which prevented people trying to find cures for diseases.
2. Church ensured that scholars of medicine learned the works of Galen as his ideas fit christian belief that god created human bodies and made them to be perfect

Question 4

What was astrogy and what is the belief of astrology

Answer 4

Astrology is the idea that the movements of the plants and stars have an effect on earth and the people.
Astrologers believed that these movements could cause disease

Question 5

How was astrology/planets used by doctors to diagnose disease

Answer 5

Medieval doctors owned a type of calender called almanac which showed info about where particular planets and stars were and doctors used this info to predict how patients health could be affected

Question 6

What was the theory of the four humours

Answer 6

Hippocrates believed that the body was made up of dour fluids/humours - blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile which needed to be in good balance for good health

Question 7

What is the Miasma Theory

Answer 7

Idea that inhaling bad air causes disease which may come from human waste or dead bodies

Question 8

What did the Miasma theory get replaced by and why

Answer 8

By the Germ theory as the Miasma theory meant for people to do hygienic things like clceaning the street

Question 9

How was Hippocrates and Galen influential in medical diagnosis and treatment

Answer 9

They wrote down their beliefs about medicine which were translated into latin books which were seen as important tects by Roman Catholic churches

Question 10

What is the effect that galen only ever dissected animals

Answer 10

animal and human bodies are very different so some of his human anatomy were wrong. Medieval doctors were not allowed to perform their own dissections so continued to learn Galen’s incorrect ideas

Question 11

What has Abu Al-Qasim contributed towars medieval medicine

Answer 11

Abu Al-Qasim wrote a book describing amputations, the removal of bladder stones and dental surgery as well as methods for handling fractures, disclocations and stitching of wounds

Question 12

What has Ibn Al-Nafis contributed towars medieval medicine

Answer 12

He questioned Galen’s ideas and suggested that blood flow from one side on the heart to the other via the lungs

Question 13

why was islamic alchemists useful

Answer 13

invented useful techniques such as distillation and sublimation and prepared drugs

Question 14

what did people also do to cure diseases

Answer 14

prayed to saints in hope to stop illness
pilgrimages to holy shrines could cure illness

Question 15

What were Flagellants

Answer 15

People who wipped themselves in public in order to show god that they were sorry for past actions

Question 16

What was Bloodletting

Answer 16

if someone had too much blood inside them, the doctor would take blood out of their body and more people were killed than treated as too much blood was taken out of body

Question 17

What was purging

Answer 17

the act of getting rid of other fluids from the body by excreting

Question 18

what was the main purpose of hospitals

Answer 18

not to treat diseases but to care for sick and elderly and were provided with food, water and warm place to stay

Question 19

What do barber-surgeons do

Answer 19

surgeries were often carried out by barbers and cutting hair

Question 20

Why were surgery not a respected profession

Answer 20

There were a few university-trained , highly paided surgeons and risk of infection without antiseptics

Question 21

What 3 progress has Hugh of Lucca and his son Theodric done to surgery

Answer 21

1. worked as surgeons in italy and recognised the importance of practical experience and observations.
2. They began dressing wounds with bandages soaked in wine as keeps wounds clean and prevent infection
3. Also realised that pus is not healthy as releases toxins

Question 22

What has John of Ardene discovered

Answer 22

John of Ardene discovered a recipe for anaesthetics which release pains during operation but likely to kill