Medicine stands still 1/2 Flashcards
What were the 2 ways people thought were the causes for disease
- A punishment from God for people’s sins to make them become better people
- Caused by evil supernatural beings like demons or witches whch they were tried as witches and executed
what were the 3 ways people treated diseases
- through prayer and repentance
- through exorcism which is using chants to remove evil spirits from person’s body
- people were Tried as witches and executed
What were the 2 ways Roman Catholic church influence medieval medicine
- Encouraged people to believe that disease was a punishment of god rather than natural cause which prevented people trying to find cures for diseases.
- Church ensured that scholars of medicine learned the works of Galen as his ideas fit christian belief that god created human bodies and made them to be perfect
What was astrogy and what is the belief of astrology
Astrology is the idea that the movements of the plants and stars have an effect on earth and the people.
Astrologers believed that these movements could cause disease
How was astrology/planets used by doctors to diagnose disease
Medieval doctors owned a type of calender called almanac which showed info about where particular planets and stars were and doctors used this info to predict how patients health could be affected
What was the theory of the four humours
Hippocrates believed that the body was made up of dour fluids/humours - blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile which needed to be in good balance for good health
What is the Miasma Theory
Idea that inhaling bad air causes disease which may come from human waste or dead bodies
What did the Miasma theory get replaced by and why
By the Germ theory as the Miasma theory meant for people to do hygienic things like clceaning the street
How was Hippocrates and Galen influential in medical diagnosis and treatment
They wrote down their beliefs about medicine which were translated into latin books which were seen as important tects by Roman Catholic churches
What is the effect that galen only ever dissected animals
animal and human bodies are very different so some of his human anatomy were wrong. Medieval doctors were not allowed to perform their own dissections so continued to learn Galen’s incorrect ideas
What has Abu Al-Qasim contributed towars medieval medicine
Abu Al-Qasim wrote a book describing amputations, the removal of bladder stones and dental surgery as well as methods for handling fractures, disclocations and stitching of wounds
What has Ibn Al-Nafis contributed towars medieval medicine
He questioned Galen’s ideas and suggested that blood flow from one side on the heart to the other via the lungs
why was islamic alchemists useful
invented useful techniques such as distillation and sublimation and prepared drugs
what did people also do to cure diseases
prayed to saints in hope to stop illness
pilgrimages to holy shrines could cure illness
What were Flagellants
People who wipped themselves in public in order to show god that they were sorry for past actions
What was Bloodletting
if someone had too much blood inside them, the doctor would take blood out of their body and more people were killed than treated as too much blood was taken out of body
What was purging
the act of getting rid of other fluids from the body by excreting
what was the main purpose of hospitals
not to treat diseases but to care for sick and elderly and were provided with food, water and warm place to stay
What do barber-surgeons do
surgeries were often carried out by barbers and cutting hair
Why were surgery not a respected profession
There were a few university-trained , highly paided surgeons and risk of infection without antiseptics
What 3 progress has Hugh of Lucca and his son Theodric done to surgery
- worked as surgeons in italy and recognised the importance of practical experience and observations.
- They began dressing wounds with bandages soaked in wine as keeps wounds clean and prevent infection
- Also realised that pus is not healthy as releases toxins
What has John of Ardene discovered
John of Ardene discovered a recipe for anaesthetics which release pains during operation but likely to kill
