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Boards Part 2 > Medicine Review > Flashcards

Medicine Review Flashcards

1
Q

LMN lesions, destroys anterior horns, flaccid paralysis

A

Polio

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2
Q

Destroys white matter or cervical region, random asymmetric lesions from demyelination, scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus

A

MS

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3
Q

combined UMN and LMN lesions

No sensory deficit

A

ALS

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4
Q

Degeneration of dorsal roots and dorsal column, impaired proprioception, locomotor ataxia

A

tabes dorsalis

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5
Q

crossing fibers of spinothalamic tract damage leading to bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation

A

syrinogmyelia

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6
Q

demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Leads to ataxic gait, hyperreflexia, impaired position and vibration sense

A

Vitamin b12 neuropathy

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7
Q

Prion disease, rare form of dementia, transmissible spongiform encepalopathy

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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8
Q

hyperkinetic, autosomal dominant, CAG repeats, anticipation

A

Huntington disease

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9
Q

Idiopathic hypokinetic, dopamine depletion in substantia nigra, lewy bodies. Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability

A

parkinsons

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10
Q

Buttock claudication, decreased femoral pulses, male impotence

A

Aortoiliac disease

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11
Q

calf claudication, decreased pulses below femoral a

A

femoropopliteal disease

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12
Q

Systolic ejection murmur radiating to carotids

A

Aortic stenosis

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13
Q

holosystolic murmur radiating to axilla

A

mitral regurg

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14
Q

midsystolic click

A

mitral valve prolapse

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15
Q

early decrescendo murmur

A

aortic regurg

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16
Q

mid to late low pitched murmur

A

mitral stenosis

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17
Q

Gallop seen in dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve dx, normal in youndg patient and pregnancy

A

S3

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18
Q

Gallop seen in HTN, diastolic dysfunction, aortic stenosis, normal in youth and athletes

A

S4

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19
Q

EKG changes: New inverted T waves, poor R wave progression, ST changes

A

Ischemia

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20
Q

EKG changes: Significant Q waves, ST elevations, T wave inversion

A

Transmural Infarct

21
Q

Progressive systemic connective tissue disease characterized by immune0mediated striated muscle inflammation. Presents with symmetrical progressive proximal muscle weakness, pain, and difficulty breathing

A

polymyositis

22
Q

presents with symptoms of polymyositis but with cutaneous involvement; heliotrope rash, shawl sign, gottrons papules

A

dermatomyositis

23
Q

chronic pain of soft tissue and axial skeleton. No joint pian

A

Fibromyalgia

24
Q

Pain and stiffness in the shoulder and girdle region muscles. May include fever, malaise, weight loss, increased ESR, anemia

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

25
Q

Excess serum levels leading to HTN, DM2, depression, weight gain, hirsutism, central obesity, proximal muscle wasting, hair growth, abdominal striae, moon facies, buffalo hump

A

Cushing Syndrome

26
Q

Deficiency in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids leading to weakness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, hyperpigmentation and hyperkalemia

A

Addison Disease

27
Q

Graves, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, amiodarone, postpartum thyrotoxicosis, postvitral thyroiditis

A

Hyperthyroidism

28
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

hypothyroidism

29
Q

WBC count >50,000, most common childhood malignancy, a/w B cell cancer and down syndrome

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

30
Q

Leukemia a/w auer rods, myeloperoxidase, esterase, age>60, elevated LDH

A

AML

31
Q

Most common leukemia, functionally incompetent lymphocytes that accumulate in bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

A

CLL

32
Q

clonal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells leading to leukocytosis with excess granulocytes and basophils. WBC>100,000

A

CML

33
Q

Malignant disorder of B lymphoytes with unclear cause. Affects older males

A

Hairy cell leukemia

34
Q

hypochromic, microcytic

A

iron def anemia

35
Q

macrocytic, hyperchromic, vit b12 and folate deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia

36
Q

factor 8 deficiency, most common inherited bleeding disorder. Prolonged PTT and BT

A

Von Willebrand Disease

37
Q

Deposition of fibrin in small blood vessels causing thrombosis and end organ damage. Depletes clotting factors and platelets causing increased peripheral bleeding

A

DIC

38
Q

Platelet microthromibi block small vessels causing RBC fragmentation/hemolysis. Platelet transfusion contraindicated

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

39
Q

Anaphylactic and atopic, IgE and mast cells

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

40
Q

cytotoxic/Ab mediated, IgM and IgG bind to an AG–>MAC

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity

41
Q

immune complex, Ag-Ab complex activate compliment

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity

42
Q

Delayed/Cell mediated, Sensitized lymphocytes

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity

43
Q

Multinucleate giant cells on Tzanck Smear; virus remains dormant in local nerve ganglia

A

Herpes Simplex

44
Q

Tiny waxy papules with central umbilication

A

Molluscum contagiosum

45
Q

Malassezia furfur, spaghetti and meatballs on KOH

A

tinea versicolor

46
Q

Full thickness blister in BM

A

bullous pemphigoid

47
Q

intraepidermal blisters, antidesmoglein, +nikolsky sign

A

pemphigous vulgaris

48
Q

violaceous lesions +koebener’s phenomenon

A

Lichen planus

49
Q

Red macules, papules or nodules caused by vascular proliferation due to HHV-8. Common in HIV

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Boards Part 2 (3 decks)

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