Medicine: Labs

Question 1

Hb

Answer 1

M: 14-17g/dL
F: 12-15

Question 2

Hct

Answer 2

M: 40-50%
F: 35-45

Question 3

WBC

Answer 3

4,000-10,000 cells/microliter

Question 4

Platelets

Answer 4

250,000-400,000 cells/microliter

Question 5

What platelet level constitutes spontaneous bleeding?

Answer 5

25,000-50,000

Question 6

What platelet level constitutes cancelling an elective surgery?

Answer 6

<100,000

Question 7

Lymphocytes

Answer 7

35%

Question 8

Neutrophils-Bands

Answer 8

<5%

Question 9

Neutrohils-Segs

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

Eosinophils

Answer 10

5%

Question 11

Basophils

Answer 11

5%

Question 12

Monocytes

Answer 12

5%

Question 13

What does a “left-shift” in PMNs (Bands) indicate?

Answer 13

Bacterial infection (>10%); hemorrhage

Question 14

What does a “right-shift” (Segs) indicate?

Answer 14

Liver dz

Question 15

How are Hb and Hct related?

Answer 15

For every 1 unit drop in Hb, Hct drops 3 units

Question 16

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 16

135-145 mEq/L

Question 17

Chloride (Cl-)

Answer 17

100-110 mEq/L

Question 18

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Answer 18

5-20 mg/dL

Question 19

Potassium (K+)

Answer 19

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 20

Bicarb (HCO3-)

Answer 20

25-30

Question 21

Creatinine (Cr)

Answer 21

<1.1

Question 22

Glucose

Answer 22

70-110 mg/dL

Question 23

Cockcroft-Gault GFR Equation

Answer 23

[(140-age)xMass (kg)]/72xCr

*multiply by 0.85 for women

Question 24

Creatinine Clearance

Answer 24

Normal=80-120 ml/min
Renal compromise= <80
Severe renal dz=10-20
Dialysis= <10

Question 25

Normal urine output?

Answer 25

0.5-1 ml/kg/hr (1000-1600 ml/day)

Question 26

Albumin

Answer 26

3.5-5 g/dL

Compromised wound healing and liver dz

Question 27

Pre-albumin

Answer 27

15-30 mg/dL

Compromised wound healing

Question 28

ALT (alanine aminotransferase)

Answer 28

0-35 U/L

Incr in liver dz

Question 29

AST (aspartate aminotransferase)

Answer 29

8-20 U/L

Incr in liver dz and MI

Question 30

ESR

Answer 30

0-30 mm/hr

Marker for infection and inflammation

Question 31

CRP

Answer 31

0-10 mg/dL or <3 if high-sensitivity CRP

Marker for infection and inflammation

Question 32

HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c)

Answer 32

4-6%

Indication of glucose control over past 3 months

Question 33

No surgery if…

Answer 33

Glucose >200 mg/dL
Platelets <100,000 cells/microliter
Active infection

Question 34

PTT (Patrial Thromboplastin Time)

Answer 34

25-35 seconds
Intrinsic pathway (I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII)
Monitors heparin therapy

Question 35

PT (Prothrombin Time)

Answer 35

11-13 seconds
Extrinsic pathway (I, II, V, VII, X)
Monitors warfarin therapy
Measure used to calculate INR

Question 36

INR (International Normalized Ratio)

Answer 36

0.75-1.5
To monitor warfarin therapy and anticoagulation
INR of 2-3=anticoagulation

Question 37

> 10,000 WBCs indicates what?

Answer 37

Leukocytosis

Question 37

Thrombin Time

Answer 37

10-14 seconds
Used to evaluate long PTT
Measures conversion of fibrinogen–>fibrin

Question 38

<4,000 WBCs indicates what?

Answer 38

Leukopenia

Question 39

What drugs or therapies can compromise platelet fxn?

Answer 39

• ASA
• Heparin/Lovenox
  
  • HIT Syndrome
• Chemotherapy

Question 40

What WBC is elevated in allergic or parasitic infections?

Answer 40

Eosinophils

Question 41

What WBCs are indicated in viral infections?

Answer 41

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 42

What WBCs are indicated in leukemia?

Answer 42

Lymphocytes

Question 43

What lab values suggest compromised wound healing?

Answer 43

Low:

• Albumin
• Pre albumin
• Total lymphocyte count (TLC)

High:
-HbA1c

Question 44

What is the significance of leukocyte esterase?

Answer 44

Detects RBC activity and is positive in infection

Question 45

What is the significance of nitrites upon UA?

Answer 45

They are elevated, suggesting UTI bc bacteria convert nitrates, normally found in urine, to nitrites