Medicine: Infectious Disease

Question 1

Common causes of pneumonia by age (children, adults, elderly)?

Answer 1

Children: Viral (RSV)
Adults: Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Elderly: S. Pneumoniae

Question 2

Treatment of pneumonia in someone 65 y/o?

Answer 2

65: Fluoroquinolone or beta-lactam + Azithromycin

Question 3

What is the gold standard for active TB diagnosis and what is the most common finding?

Answer 3

GS: mycobacterial culture of sputum

Most common finding is cavitary lesion in upper lobe on CXR

Question 4

What is the treatment for active TB?

Answer 4

Remember “RIPE”
Rifampin, Isoniazide (INH), Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol for 2 months, then INH and rifampin for 6 months
**Cannot use PZA if pregnant, use other 3 for 9 months

Question 5

What is the treatment for GAS pharyngitis?

Answer 5

Pen V x 10 days

Question 6

Pulmonary fungal infection endemic to SW US and tx?

Answer 6

Coccidioidomycosis

Fluconazole or Itraconazole; IV Amphotericin B for severe cases

Question 7

Causes of meningitis in newborns, children, adults, and elderly?

Answer 7

Newborns: GBS
Children: S. Pneumoniae
Adults: N. Meningitidis
Elderly: S. Pneumoniae

Question 8

Most common causes of encephalitis?

Answer 8

HSV and arbovirus

Question 9

Reference range for CD4+ count?

Answer 9

500-2,000 cells/uL

Question 10

How do you diagnose HIV?

Answer 10

ELISA test, then Western blot to confirm

Question 11

Treatment regimen for HIV?

Answer 11

2 NRTIs and 1 NNRTI