Medicine In The 18th And 19th Century

Question 1

Germ theory

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur
Microbes can be killed by heat
Microbes in air cause Decay
Microbes aren’t distributed evenly in the air

Question 2

Influence of the germ theory

Answer 2

Little impact because he wasn’t a doctor

Other scientists promoted the link between microbes and disease Lister

Question 3

Koch

Answer 3

Successfully identify the different germs cause different diseases
Made it easier for future scientists to study it
Inspire others

Question 4

Impact of the germ theory in Britain

Answer 4

Progress is very slow
British government rejected it at first
Mystery of the causes of disease have been solved

Question 5

Main individuals in the discovery of germ theory

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Robert Koch

Question 6

Hospitals in the 18th century

Answer 6

Only five hospitals left in Britain
some doctors offered services for free of charge to practice new skills
Sick people were treated

Question 7

Florence Nightingale

Answer 7

She began nursing and dirty hospital conditions and demanded change

pairing a team of other nurses demanded 300 scrubbing brushes to remove the dirt

they organised to treat 2000 wounded soldiers

Question 8

Hospitals by 1900

Answer 8

Split up infectious patients
Cleanliness was the utmost importance
New hospital designs
New purpose was to treat the sick

Question 9

3 problems with surgery

Answer 9

Pain
Infection
Bleeding

Question 10

Anaesthetics

Ether

Answer 10

Positive:
It was successful

Negative:
Made people vomit
Gas irritated the lungs
Flammable

Question 11

Simpson

Answer 11

Discovered chloroform as an anaesthetic

Knocks people out for surgery

Question 12

Why was there opposition to chloroform

Answer 12

Easy to overdose a patient and kill them

Could cause heart problems

Question 13

What did Joseph Lister discover?

Answer 13

Carbolic acid
It allowed wounds to heal cleanly

there was opposition because it dried out skin and it left a funny smell

Question 14

Edward Jenner

Answer 14

Discovered the dairy maid who had had cowpox couldn’t get smallpox
Discovered vaccinations from this

Question 15

Why was there opposition to Edward Jenner’s Discovery

Answer 15

Took time to be accepted

Suspicious as he couldn’t explain how it worked

Question 16

Impacts of vaccinations

Answer 16

Short-term:
Saved many lives
Very popular overseas
Slow to become popular in Britain

Long-term:
Vaccination against smallpox became normal
Compulsory to have them
His work inspired others

Question 17

First public health act 1848

Answer 17

Miles of sewers built
Slums demolished
Prevented sewage going into the water where they drank from

Question 18

Second public health act

1875

Answer 18

Provide clean drinking water
Disposing of sewage
Building public toilets
New housing that was better quality

Question 19

John snow

Answer 19

He discovered what caused cholera
It was caused by dirty water
he was respected because he gave Queen Victoria chloroform during childbirth

Question 20

Impact and significance of Jon snow

Answer 20

He investigated deaths in his local area

short-term his work had no effect as people from outside the area didn’t accept it

Question 21

What theory had scientists come up with two explain disease in the early 18th century

Answer 21

Spontaneous combustion

Question 22

What was the impact of pastures work

Answer 22

He encouraged other scientists to look for alternatives to spontaneous combustion

Question 23

Why were herbal remedies still popular in the 19th century

Answer 23

Treatments for everyday diseases were not successfully developed until after 1900

Question 24

Where did Florence Nightingale test out her theories about the importance of clean hospitals

Answer 24

The Crimean War

Question 25

Name to anesthetics that would developed during this period

Answer 25

Chloroform and ether

Question 26

List three points from the public health act

Answer 26

Sewers were built and sewage was disposed of
Providing clean water
Building public toilets

Question 27

Where did John snow trace the 1854 cholera epidemic 2

Answer 27

Broad Street water pump