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Medicine general Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic obstructive lung disease with bronchiolar inflammation, and hyper-responsiveness.

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2
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Autosomal Recessive disease that results in altered chloride and water transport across epithelial cells

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3
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive lung disease, irreversible. Includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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4
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

acute obstruction in the pulmonary arterial vasculature leading to V/F mismatch

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5
Q

COVID

A

Viral disease causing by SARV-CoV2 with major systemic implications including lung disease

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6
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

IgE mediated inflammatory process of the nasopharynx, oropharynx with allergen exposure

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7
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A

Loss of renal fx over hours / days due to disturbances in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.

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8
Q

Chronic kidney disease

A

Permanent renal insufficiency that develops over months / years. Caused by structural intrinsic damage of the glomerulus or tubulo-interstitial system.

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9
Q

Anemia

A

Reduction in quantitive of RBCs

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10
Q

Leukemia

A

Blood cancer of the WBC lineage in the bone marrow

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11
Q

Hemophilia A

A

X-linked recessive causing deficiency of factor 8

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12
Q

Von WIllebrand

A

Congenital platelet bleeding disorder due to the dysfunction of von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

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13
Q

Anti-thrombin III Def

A

Inherited Def of antithrombin III leading to increase risk of recurrent thrombosis (DVP, PE)

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14
Q

Lymphoma

A

Blood cancer of the WBC lineage in the lymphatic system (*unlike Leukemia which is within the bone marrow)

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15
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Bone cancer of plasma B cells in the bone marrow - producing monoclonal immunoglobins

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16
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

A

Autoimmune inflammatory condition characterized by the production of auto-antibodies. Systems affected: joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, and blood cells.

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17
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Autoimmune disease attack on the joints. Progressive destruction of joint, bone, articular cartilage

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18
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Painful Degenerative process involving progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and remodeling of subcondral bone (NON INFLAMMATORY)

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19
Q

Obesity

A

Abnormally high amount of adipose tissue compared with lean muscle mass with excess body weight > 20% over the predicated ideal body weight

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20
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Inheritable myopathies causing progressive death of muscle fibers

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21
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (=M. Gravis)

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting the nicotinic ACH receptor at the NM-jxn (=”motor end-plate”). Signs: weakness and rapid fatigue of skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Ehler-Danlos Syndrome

A

Genetic connective tissue (CT) disease causing a defect in fibrillar collagen. Affects, skin, tendons (hyper-mobility) blood vessels (bleeding), viscera (aortic fragility). POTS = postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome - fast heart rate when standing up.

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23
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

autosomal dominant CT disorder affecting fibrin.
Affecting: cardiac (aortic dilation and Mitral regurgitation, skeletal and ocular issues

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24
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

A condition in which the thyroid gland is hyperactive. Manifistation including sweating, cardiac issues (tachycardia, contractility), increase BP, weight loss, diarrhea, restlessness, heat intolerance

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25
Grave's disease
Autoimmune condition resulting in hyperstimulation of TSH receptors from auto-antibodies
26
Thyroid storm
Acute exacerbation of hyperthyroidism that is life-threatening
27
Myxedema
=hypothyrodism: Condition where the thyroid gland has decreased production of the thyroid hormone resulting in low T3 and T4.
28
Hashimoto's thyroditis
Autoimmune hypothyroidism caused of destruction of thyroid gland.
29
Type 1 DM
=insulin dependent diabetes. Autoimmune Metabolic disease: Loss of insulin producing beta cells of the islet of Langerhan in the pancreas
30
Type 2 DM
Metabolic disease of altered number and affinity of peripheral insulin receptions.
31
DKA
metabolic condition secondary to insulin shortage. Results in hypoglycemia, Ketoanemia, anion gap.
32
Cushing's syndrome
Metabolic condition of excessive free plasma corticosteroids
33
Addision's disease
metabolic condition of insufficient glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
34
ALS = amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Progressive neurodegenrative disease of upper and lower motor neurons
35
Alzheimer's disease
Neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of cortical ability and formation of amyloid plaques
36
Parkinson's disease
Neurodegenerative disease cause by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Clinically: tremors and rigidity
37
Multiple Sclerosis
autoimmune demyelination of the CNS
38
Status Epilepticus
Continuous episode of prolonged seizure activity
39
CVA = Cerebrovascular Accident = stroke
Cerebral ischemia / hemorrhage causing neurological deficits
40
Metabolic Acidosis
a primary Decrease in HCO3 (bicarb)
41
Metabolic Alkalosis
A primary increase in HCO3 (bicarb)
42
Respiratory Acidosis
Primary increase in PaCO2
43
Respiratory Alkalosis
Primary decrease in PaCO2
44
Hyponatremia
Na+ < 135
45
Hypernatremia
Na+ > 145
46
HypoKalemia
K+ < 3.5
47
Hyperkalemia
K+ > 5.5
48
Hypocalcemia
Ca+ <8.5
49
Hypercalcemia
Ca+ > 10.2
50
Major depressive disorder
Behavior disorder characterized by SIGECAPs for > 2 weeks. (sleep, interest, guilt, energy, cognition, appetite, suicide)
51
Bipolar disorder
Mental disorder characterized by states of depression and mania
52
Serotonin syndrome
Adverse drug reaction producing excess serotenergic effects of CNS
53
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
54
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by purposeful restricted caloric intact due to dysmorphic body image. symp: lower weight, BMI < 18.5
55
Schizophrenia
Psych disorder characterized by chronic psychosis and hallucinations (has positive and negative symptoms).
56
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Fetal reaction to dopamine antagonist (for tx of psychophrenia): caused by depletion of dopamine in the CNS
57
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy related condition: abnormal placental implantation. HTN + Proteinuria
58
Eclampsia
Pregnancy related severe pre-eclampsia characterized by seizures / coma
59
HELLP syndrome
Pregnancy related syndrome characterized by hemolylsis, elevated liver transaminases, low platelet counts.
60
HIV
Systemic infection caused by RNA retrovirus infecting CD4 cells causing immune- suppression *can progress to AIDS
61
Cocaine
Amphetamine that blocks the reuptake of NE, Serotonin, and Dopamine leading to euphoria .
62
Bath Salts
Drugs with the active ingredient is: Cathianoines (amphetamine analog)
63
Hypotension
BP < 90/60 or systolic drop of 25% of baseline
64
Tachycardia
HR > 100
65
Bradycardia
HR < 60
66
Angina
Chest pain due to inadquent blood supply to the myocardium
67
Acute coronary sydrome
Unsable angina / MI
68
Ventricular tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat originating from one of the ventricles of the heart 150-200
69
Ventricular fibrillation
uncoordinated fluttering of ventricles leading to cessation of cardiac output.
70
Pulseless electrical activity
PEA without sufficient mechanical contraction to produce a palpable pulse
71
Torsades de Pointes
Atypical VT with polymporphic QRS
72
Malignant Hyperthermia
Hyper-metabolic state that occurs on exposure to volatile anesthetics agents and succinylcholine.
73
Laryngospasm
Spasm of the glottis muscles including the false and true vocal chords
74
Bronchospasm
Lower airway obstruction due to contraction and spasm of bronchial smooth muscle.
75
emesis
oral expulsion of GI contents
76
HTN
vascular disease characterized by Persistently elevated blood pressure
77
Peripheral vascular disease
plaque accumulation in peripheral arteries leading to thrombosis and claudication
78
atherosclerosis
plaque accumulation in arteries
79
CAD (coronary artery disease)
accumulation of plaque that could lead to hypoperfusion of myocardium
80
MI (myocardial infraction)
decrease cardiac perfusion due to blockage in the coronary artery system
81
Angina
Reversible hypo-perfusion of the coronary artery system
82
CHF
failure of the heart to meet its metabolic demands
83
aortic stenosis
cardiac disorder characterized by restricted blood flow through the aorta (leading to dyspnea, angina, syndome)
84
Endocarditis
cardiac condition characterized by bacteremia leading to vegetation at the cardiac valves
85
Atrial fibrillation
abnormal electric foci in the atrium leading to irregularly irregular rhythm
86
TACO
Transfusion associated cardiac overload
87
Cor pulmonale
Pulmonary hypertension causing right heart failure
88
Cardiomyopathy
chronic disease of heart muscles (can be dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive)
89
Bronchitis
chronic respiratory disease characterized by chronic cough and mucus production > 3 months for 2 consecutive years
90
Emphysema
Chronic obstructive lung disease characterized by destruction of the terminal alveoli
91
Restrictive lung disease
Respiratory disease characterized by loss of elastic recoil (ex - sarcoidosis)
92
Sleep Apena
Respiratory disease characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep (can be OSA or central apnea)
93
ARDS
Pulmonary disease characterized by diffuse inflammatory lung injury leading to respiratory failure
94
pneumonia
Respiratory disease characterized by infection leading to alveoli inflammation
95
TRALI (transfusion related Acute lung injury)
lung disease caused by massive transfusion mimicking ARDS and causing respiratory failure
96
Pneumothorax
Air or blood trapped in pleural space causing collapse of lung parenchyma
97
TB (tuberculosis)
Lung disease caused by bacterial infection resulting in granulomatous formations in the lungs
98
Sickle cell anemia
genetic disorder causing sickling of the RBBs leading to hemolysis
99
polycythemia vera
increased in RBCs > 55%
100
Hemophilia B
X linked genetic bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency of factor 9
101
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
bleeding disorder characterized by extreme clotting
102
Thalassemia
genetic bleeding disorder with absent Alpha/Beta globulin leading to microcytic anemia
103
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
bleeding disorder which destroys RBCs faster than the body can make them. Avoid NSAIDS
104
Cerebral Palsy
Neurologic disorder characterized by motor disorder with spasticity, dyskinesia, ataxia.
105
Epilepsy
neurologic disorder characterized by abnormal electrical activity causing at least 2 unprovoked seizures <24 hrs
106
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS / Lou Gehrigs)
Neurologic disease affedcting hte peripheral neurons leading lack of motor function
107
Syncope
Temporary LOC due to hypo-perfusion to brain (neurogenic, cariogenic, vasovagal)
108
Juvenile arthritis
Joint inflammation and stiffness for >6 wks in <16yo. *usually will be negative for RH factor
109
Sarcoidosis
Autoimmune condition causing non-caseating granuloma. *associated with restrictive lung disease
110
AIDS
Infection caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is once the CD count is below 200 cell / mm^3
111
Hypersensitivity 1
IgE mediated anaphylactic response due to release of histamine from mast cells and basophils
112
Hypersensitivity 2
IgG or IgM directed complement attack against cell surface antigens
113
Hypersensitivity 3
antigen/antibody complex deposition
114
Hypersensitivity 4
Delayed T cell mediated attack to allergen
115
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
Reflux of acidic stomach contents to esophagus
116
Hepatitis
Viral disease causing liver inflammation and destruction. A Fecal-oral, B DNA Virus, C RNA Virus, D Dependent on B, E
117
Cirrhosis
End stage liver disease (ESLD) characterized by fibrosis of the liver
118
Crohn's
Autoimmune GI disease characterized by patchy inflammation of the entire GI tract
119
Ulcerative colitis
Autoimmune inflammation of the colon
120
Diverticulitis
Inflammatory outpouching of large intestine
121
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy
Genetic disease by mutation of dystrophin gene leading to progressive loss of skeletal muscle function
122
Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OSD)
Behavior disorder characterized by repeated unwanted, uncontrollable thoughts or actions -
123
Anxiety
Behavior disorder characterized by inappropriate reaction to normal stimulus - impeding daily function
124
ADHD
behavior disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity
125
Autism
behavior disorder characterized by spectrum of symptoms affecting social interaction
126
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (PTH)
Endocrine disorder of elevate PTH caused by something OUTSIDE the parathyroid gland. Usually CKD -> inability to convert vit D -> inadequent Ca+ absorption -> elevated PTH
127
Goldenhar
oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorder that is synonymous with hemifacial microsomia. +CL/CP
128
Hemifacial microsomia mechanism
Clotting of the stapedius artery during development leads to underdevelopment of the mandible and condyle. + CL/CP
129
Treacher Collins
Autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis, coloboma, hypoplastic mandible and zygomas. +CL/CP
130
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by shortened clavicles, prognathia, maxillary hypoplasia, frontal bossing, multiple supernumerary teeth.
131
Gardner's syndrome
Autosomal Dominant syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the colon, osteomas, supernumerary teeth, epidermoid cysts, fibromas. *leading to high rates of colon cancer.
132
Nevoid Basal Cell
Autosomal Dominant Syndrome characterized by multiple BCCa, OKCs, palmar/plantar pits, bifid rib, calcified falx cerebri.
133
Pierre Robin
Autosomal Dominant Syndrome Characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction/constriction, +CP
134
Crouzon
Autosomal Dominant Syndrome associated with craniosynostosis at the coronal suture, midface hypoplasia, hypertelorism
135
Noonan syndrome
Autosomal Dominant syndrome characterized by hypertelorism, cardiac disorders, bleeding disorders, and short stature.
136
Trisomy 21
developmental disorder characterized by distinct physical characteristics manifesting in facial, cardiac, skeletal features
137

Oral surgery (3 decks)

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