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Oral surgery > Medicine general > Flashcards

Medicine general Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic obstructive lung disease with bronchiolar inflammation, and hyper-responsiveness.

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2
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Autosomal Recessive disease that results in altered chloride and water transport across epithelial cells

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3
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive lung disease, irreversible. Includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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4
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

acute obstruction in the pulmonary arterial vasculature leading to V/F mismatch

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5
Q

COVID

A

Viral disease causing by SARV-CoV2 with major systemic implications including lung disease

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6
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

IgE mediated inflammatory process of the nasopharynx, oropharynx with allergen exposure

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7
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A

Loss of renal fx over hours / days due to disturbances in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.

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8
Q

Chronic kidney disease

A

Permanent renal insufficiency that develops over months / years. Caused by structural intrinsic damage of the glomerulus or tubulo-interstitial system.

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9
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased in RBCs -> less oxygen carrying capacity and delivery in end organs

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10
Q

Leukemia

A

Disease of mesenchymal cells of the blood -> abnormal proliferation or increased lifespan of myeloid / lymphyoid cells.

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11
Q

Hemophilia

A

X-linked recessive bleeding disorder

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12
Q

Von WIllebrnad

A

Congential platelet bleeding disorder due to the dysfunction of von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

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13
Q

Anti-thrombin III Def

A

Inherited Def of antithrombin III leading to increase risk of recurrent thrombosis (DVP, PE)

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14
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignancy of lymphocytes that usually arrises in the lymph nodes

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15
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Disease characterized by the neoplastic transformation of plasma cells producing a monoclonal immunoglobin

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16
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematous

A

Multisystem chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by auto-antibody production causing immune-mediate tissue damage

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17
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Chronic Systemic inflammatory Disease characterized by inflammatory poly-arthritis with progressive destruction of joint, bone, and aritcular cartilage

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18
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Painful Degenerative process involving progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and remodeling of subcondral bone (NON INFLAMMATORY)

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19
Q

Obesity

A

Abnormally high amount of adipose tissue compared with lean muscle mass with excess body weight > 20% over the predicated ideal body weight

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20
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Inheritable myopathies causing progressive death of muscle fibers

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21
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting post-synaptic Neuromuscular transmission of the nicotinic ACH receptor due to the production of autoantibodies.

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22
Q

Ehler-Danlos Syndrome

A

Inherited disease results from a defect in synthesis of fibrillar collagen lead to changes in skin, tendons, blood vessels and viscera

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23
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

autosomal dominant CT disorder affecting cardiac, skeletal and ocular issues

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24
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

A condition in which the thyroid gland is hyperactive. Manifistation including sweating, cardiac issues (tachycardia, contractility), increase BP, weight loss, diarrhea, restlessness, heat intolerance

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25
Q

Grave’s disease

A

Autoimmune condition resulting in hyperstimulation of TSH receptors from auto-antibodies

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26
Q

Thyroid storm

A

Acute exacerbation of hyperthyroidism that is life-threatening

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27
Q

Myxedema

A

=hypothyrodism: Condition where the thyroid gland has decreased production of the thyroid hormone resulting in low T3 and T4.

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28
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroditis

A

Autoimmune hypothyroidism caused of destruction of thyroid gland.

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29
Q

Type 1 DM

A

=insulin dependent diabetes. Autoimmune Metabolic disease: Loss of insulin producing beta cells of the islet of Langerhan in the pancreas

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30
Q

Type 2 DM

A

Metabolic disease of altered number and affinity of peripheral insulin receptions.

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31
Q

DKA

A

metabolic condition secondary to insulin shortage. Results in hypoglycemia, Ketoanemia, anion gap.

32
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Metabolic condition of excessive free plasma corticosteroids

33
Q

Addision’s disease

A

metabolic condition of insufficient glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

34
Q

ALS = amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

Progressive neurodegenrative disease of upper and lower motor neurons

35
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of cortical neurons and formation of amyloid plaques

36
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Neurodegenerative disease cause by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons

37
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS.

38
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

Continuous episode of prolonged seizure activity

39
Q

CVA = Cerebrovascular Accident

A

= stroke. A sudden onset of neurological deficits that occurs secondary to cerebral ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage

40
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

a primary Decrease in HCO3 (bicarb)

41
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

A primary increase in HCO3 (bicarb)

42
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Primary increase in PaCO2

43
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Primary decrease in PaCO2

44
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Na+ < 135

45
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Na+ > 145

46
Q

HypoKalemia

A

K+ < 3.5

47
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

K+ > 5.5

48
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Ca+ <8.5

49
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Ca+ > 10.2

50
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Depressed mood > 2 weeks. With Associated SIGECAPS (sleep, interest, guilt, energy, cognition, appetite, suicide)

51
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mental disorder states of depression and mania

52
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Adverse drug reaction producing excess serotenergic effects of CNS

53
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.

54
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by purposeful restricted caloric inteact leading to lower weight, with poor body image. BMI < 18.5

55
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psych disorder characterized by chronic psychosis (has positive and negative symptoms).

56
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Fetal reaction to dopamine antagonist (for tx of psychophrenia): caused by depletion of dopamine in the CNS

57
Q

Pre-Eclampsia

A

Pregnancy related condition: abnormal placental implantation. HTN + Proteinuria

58
Q

Eclampsia

A

Pregnancy related severe pre-eclampsia characterized by seizures / coma

59
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

Pregnancy related syndrome characterized by hemolylsis, elevated liver transaminases, low platelet counts.

60
Q

HIV

A

RNA Retrovirus that infects CD4 cells. Causes varying levels of immunosuppression with possible procession to AIDS

61
Q

Cocaine

A

Amphetamine that blocks the reuptake of NE, Serotonin, and Dopamine leading to euphoria .

62
Q

Bath Salts

A

Drugs with the active ingredient is: Cathianoines (amphetamine analog)

63
Q

Hypotension

A

BP < 90/60 or systolic drop of 25% of baseline

64
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR > 100

65
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR < 60

66
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain due to inadquent blood supply to the myocardium

67
Q

Acute coronary sydrome

A

Unsable angina / MI

68
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat originating from one of the ventricles of the heart 150-200

69
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

uncoordinated fluttering of ventricles leading to cessation of cardiac output.

70
Q

Pulseless electrical activity

A

PEA without sufficient mechanical contraction to produce a palpable pulse

71
Q

Torsades de Pointes

A

Atypical VT with polymporphic QRS

72
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Hyper-metabolic state that occurs on exposure to volatile anesthetics agents and succinylcholine.

73
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Spasm of the glottis muscles including the false and true vocal chords

74
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Lower airway obstruction due to contraction and spasm of bronchial smooth muscle.

75
Q

emesis

A

oral expulsion of GI contents

Oral surgery (3 decks)

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