medicine factors Flashcards
Name some important individuals from medieval times
Hippocrates, John Arderne, Avicenna, Galen
How did Hippocrates impact medicine? - individuals, medieval
Four humours theory, different parts of the body needed different treatments, wrote 60 books
How did Galen impact medicine? - individuals, medieval
learned about anatomy in a gladiator school, understood the importance of observation and recording symptoms, his books were used as university textbooks
How did Avicenna impact medicine? - individuals, medieval
wrote “Canon of Medicine”, his work translated into latin and used widely in the west
Name some important individuals from early modern times
Pare, William Harvey, Edward Jenner, John Hunter
How did William Harvey impact medicine? - individuals, early modern
challenged Galen, he experimented on animals and discovered how blood pumped around the body in a circular motion
How did William Pare impact medicine? - individuals, early modern
used a mixture of egg yolks, turpentine and oils of roses instead of hot oil, used ligatures to tie off wounds, invented Crow’s beak clamp to halt bleeding
How did Edward Jenner impact medicine? - individuals, early modern
developed the vaccination for smallpox
Name some important individuals from the 19th century
Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, John Snow
How did Louis Pasteur impact medicine? - individuals, 19th century
established the link between germs and disease, Germ Theory, invented pasteurisation, his first work on chicken cholera led to an effective vaccine against rabies in 1880
How did Joseph Lister impact medicine? - individuals, 19th century
started using an operating room sterilised using carbolic acid, wounds and dressing also soaked in it. Death rates fell from 46% - 15%
How did John Snow impact medicine? - individuals, 19th century
he proved that cholera was spread by dirty water, he removed the pump handle from an area where cholera had broken out and the disease stopped
Name some important individuals from the 20th century
Florey and Chain, Alexander Fleming and William Rivers
How did Florey and Chain impact medicine? - individuals, 20th century
they continued the work of Alexander Fleming
How did Alexander Fleming impact medicine? - individuals, 20th century
he discovered penicillin by chance when a mould grew on staphylococci and killed the germ
How did William Rivers impact medicine? - individuals, 20th century
William Rivers developed the “talking cure” which encouraged soldiers to talk about their experiences, used to treat PTSD
Name two wars that helped medicine in medieval times
Crusades and 100 Years War
How did the Crusades war (1100-1300) impact medicine? - war, medieval
christians came into contact with the more advanced Islamic medical texts while in the middle east
How did the 100 years war (1337-1453)impact medicine? -war, medieval
John Arderne developed his painkilling ointments of Hemlock, opium and henbane which reduced the need for cauterisations
Name wars from the early modern era
The Italian War, Seven Years’ War
How did the Italian war (1536-38) impact medicine? - war, early modern
Pare developed his methods: mixture of egg yolk, turpentine and rose oil, ligatures, artificial limbs
How did the Seven Years war (1756-63) impact medicine? - war, early modern
John Hunter: believed in letting nature heal wounds, teacher of anatomy and trained surgeons
Name some significant wars from the 19th century
Crimean war
How did the crimean war impact medicine?
during the war Florence Nightingale cleaned up hospital wards and cut the infection death rate from 40% to 2%
