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Finals - Pastest > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Reed sternberg cells

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

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2
Q

Histological triad of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Interstitial inflammation, chronic bronchiolitis and non necrotising granuloma

Always consider with occupation exposure to mould, hay, fungus, pigeons, popcorn, hot tubs etc

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3
Q

Post MI Care

A

Secondary prevention - stop smoking, cardiac rehab, lose weight, reduce salt and improve diet

Dual antiplatelet - 75mg aspirin and 75mg clopidogrel/ticagregel
B- blocker - bisoprolol
ACEi - ramipril
80mg atorvastatin OD

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4
Q

Temporal lobe eye lesion

A

Homonymous upper quadrantanopia

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5
Q

Parietal lobe eye lesion

A

Homonymous lower quadrantanopia

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6
Q

Conditions associated with pyoderma gangrenosum

A

IBD, RA, myelocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia

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7
Q

SE of bisphosphonates

A

Gastritis/ oesophagitis

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

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8
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

Can be precipitated by hypokalemia and hypercalcemia. Causes bradycardia, yellow visual disturbance. Careful in AKI as renally excreted

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9
Q

Antibodies raised in SLE

A

Anti ds-DNA 60% sensitive, 90% ANA +ve

Less specific - anti SM and anti phospholipid

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10
Q

SLE PC

A

Relapsing remitting illness where autoantibodies form immune complexes which deposit throughout the body

4/11 to diagnose:
Malar rash sparing of nasolabial folds
Discoid rash - Erythematous patches with adherent keratotic scales
Photosensitivity
Non erosive arthritis 2+ joints
Oral/nasopharnygeal ulceration
Serositis
Renal disorders - red cell casts or persistent proteinuria
CNS - seziures/psychosis in absence of neurological cause
Haematological - haemolytic anameia, leucopenia or thrombocytopenia
+ve ANA
+ve immune markers ie anti dsDNA, anti SM

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11
Q

Testicular cancer tumour markers

A

aFP and Bhcg. 90% = germ cell tumours

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12
Q

Pyloric stensosis PC

A

Typically forceful non bilous projectile vomiting often with a palpable sausage shaped mass in the abdomen

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13
Q

Duodenal atresia

A

Congential constriction of the duodenum leading to bilous vomitng after first feed. Double bubble sign on xray indiciated of proximal duodenal dilation

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14
Q

MOA bisphosphanates

A

Inhibit bone reabsorption by inhibting osteoclasts and binding to calcium phosphate crystals

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15
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Associated with TB, sarcoidosis

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16
Q

Glucagon stimulation test

A

GH, cortisol and C-peptide

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17
Q

Frontotemporal dementia

A

disinhibition, aggression, anxiety and emotional behaviour. Usually symptoms including stealing/obsession precede memory loss

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18
Q

CT in FTD

A

Collection of tau bodies and degeneration of the frontotemporal lobe

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19
Q

Paraaortic lymph node in cancer

A

Often first site of metasasis in testicular, ovarian and endometrial cancer

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20
Q

Insulin perioperatively

A

Continue long acting

Stop short acting commence on variable rate (sliding scale ) insulin infusion

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21
Q

Life threatening asthma

A

Normal/high PaCO2
Cyanosis, silent chest
Peak flow <33% of best
PaO2 <8 or sats <92

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22
Q

Severe asthma

A

Peak flow 33- 50%
RR > 25, HR > 110
Unable to speak in full sentences

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23
Q

Hyperprolactinoma

A

Amenorrhoea, reduced libido and glacatorrhoea

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24
Q

Invx of GH defiency

A

Insulin tolerance test used to induced hypoglycemia ACTH and GH are released as a stress response

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25
Q

ACEi acceptable creatinine rise

A

30%. Care of underlying renal artery stenosis

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26
Q

Plummer Vinson syndrome

A

Dysphagia, upper oesophageal web and iron defiency anaemia

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27
Q

Periductal mastitis

A

Infection of the ducts within the nipple. PC = pain, periareolar mass and green/yellow discharge. Needs USS in clinic +/- FNA if suspicious

Mx - oral fluxcloxacillin +/- drainage

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28
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Benigin breast tumour mobile small well defined breast mouse. Rarely painful doesn’t = erythema or discharge

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29
Q

Fibrocystic disease

A

Benign breast tissue disease commonly seen in females 30-50 y/o. PC breast swelling, multiple tender lumps and nipple discharge. Varies with menstrual cycle

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30
Q

Cryptococcal meningitis + CSF

A

Fungal meningitis commonly seen in immunocomprimised . Stained with india ink encapsulated organisms

CSF = high opening pressure, lymphocytic, high protein, glucose normal/low

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31
Q

Clarithromycin and warfarin

A

Enzyme inhibitor reduces metabolism of warfarin increasing INR

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32
Q

Hyperkalemia on ECG

A

Tall tented T waves, widened QRS, short PR

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33
Q

Hypothermia ECG

A

Bradycardia, J wave at end of QRS, 1st degree HB and long QT interval

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34
Q

SUFE Mx

A

In screw fixation

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35
Q

Supracondylar fracture risks of injury

A

Common fracture in children risk of damage to the brachial artery which runs posterior to the condyle. May present with cool pulseless hand

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36
Q

Mid shaft humeral fractures

A

Radial nerve. Loss of sensation over dorsum of hand and extensor muscles of the arm

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37
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniae

A

Fungal pneumonia AIDS defining illness classically presenting with desaturation on exertion

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38
Q

Anti-TB drug side effects

A

Rifampacin - orange coloured tears/urine, rashes, hepatotoxicity
Ethambutol - optic neuritis, red/green colour blindness
Isonazid - peripheral neuropathy

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39
Q

Normal urine output

A

0.5ml/kg/hr

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40
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Viral diease caused by HSV - flesh colour umbilicated semi-spherical papules. Conservative management may take up to 2 years to resolve completely

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41
Q

Drug induced Parkinsons

A

Usually dopamine antagonists such as metaclopramide and anti-psychotics

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42
Q

Acute management of pneumothorax

A

Only if >2cm on CXR or breathless. Needle decompression at 2nd ICS only for tension pneumothorax.

Protcol = 2x aspirate then chest drain

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43
Q

Essential thrombocytosis Mx

A

Hydroxyurea

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44
Q

Essential thrombocytosis

A

Platelets >450x109. +/- splenomegaly, bleeding/thrombosis Linked to JAK2 mutations

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45
Q

Indications for dialysis

A

K+ refractory to treatment/ >6.5, acidosis <7.2, uremic encehalopathy, toxins, refractory pul oedema

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46
Q

Meniere’s triad

A

Episodic hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo

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47
Q

Sheehan’s syndrome

A

Hypopituitarism secondary to infarction of the anterior pituitary due to postpartum haemorraghic shock

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48
Q

Masquerades as primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Familial hypocalcuric hypercalcaemia, urinary calcium is raised in 1 hyperparathyroid

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49
Q

Budd Chiari syndrome

A

Venous thrombosis within the hepatic venous system leading to venous outflow obstruction hence sinusoidal congestion and hepatocyte dysfunction. Clinically new-onset ascites secondary to portal HTN

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50
Q

Invx Budd-Chiari

A

Portal USS looking for caudate lobe swelling and evidence of hepatic vein obstruction

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51
Q

HSV 1

A

Oral herpes

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52
Q

HSV 2

A

Genital herpes

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53
Q

Mx chlamydia

A

Stat dose of azithromycin

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54
Q

Renal stones unlikely to pass

A

> 0.5 cm. Needs admitting diclofenac, IV fluids and antiemetic. Either lithotripsy or nephrolithotomy if >2cm

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55
Q

Beurger’s disease

A

Thromboangitis obliterans - segmental thrombosis + acute/chronic inflammation of medium/small arteries often in tibial/radial arteries. Heavily linked to smoking. Rest pain and ulceration. Presents in <35y/o

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56
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Narrowing of aorta often at ducuts arterious. Presents with eak femoral pulse or radiofemoral delay. Prostaglandin infusion to maintain patency of PDA. Lifetime risk of CVA and CVD

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57
Q

Renal stone cause

A

75% due to hypercalcaemia

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58
Q

AI hepatitis antibodies

A

80% specific anti smooth muscle. ANA also +ve

T2 AIH = anti-LMK

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59
Q

Di-George syndrome

A 
Cardiac - TOF, VSD etc
Abnormal facies
Thymic hypoplasia - increased infection risk 
Cleft palate
Hypoparathyroid - low Ca2+

Neural crest defects

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60
Q

Pre-patellar bursitis

A

Housemaids Knee - warm swollen knee + effusion. No raised inflammatory markers

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61
Q

Arteries occluded in testicular torsion

A

Testicular arteries - branches of aorta @ L2. Surgery within 6hrs to prevent ischemia

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62
Q

Diagnosis of COPD

A

FEV1 < 80%, FEV1/FVC <0.7

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63
Q

Bechets syndrome

A

Multisystem disease characteristed by oral and genital ulceration. Systemic perivasculitis - increased VTE risk

Anti-saccharomyces cerevisea

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64
Q

Turners syndrome

A

45X. Short webbed neck, low hairline, high arched palate. Cardiac abnormalities CoA/ bicuspid aortic valve. Short stature, widely spaced nipples, sparse axillary/pubix hair. Ovarian agenesis - premature ovarian failure

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65
Q

Acute radiation dermatitis

A

Often erythematous and sharply demarcated +/- weeping bullae and ulceration. Supportive usually resolves with treatment cessation

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66
Q

Tear of supraspinatus

A

Initiates abduction for 15o

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67
Q

Post partum hemorrhage definition

A

1 - s 24hrs of delivery
2- After 24hrs - 6 week

Major >1000mls

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68
Q

Cause of 2nd trimester miscarriage

A

Antiphospholipid
Septate/bicornate uterus
Cervical incompetence

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69
Q

Legionella pnuemonia

A

Harboured in air conditioning systems
Dry cough
+/- hyponatremia, deranged LFTS

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70
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Erythema multiforma and cold hameolytic anaemia.

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71
Q

Medical termination

A

Before 14 weeks = oral mifepristone and outpatient vaginal misprostol

Expect crampy abdo pain and bleeding

Mifepristone - progesterone antagonist promoting degradation of endometrium and ripening of the cervix

Misoprostol - prostaglandin analogue promoting contraction of uterus hence expulsion

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72
Q

ADPKD Genetics

A

PKD1 gene cr16 = 85%, PKD2 gene cr4

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73
Q

Dermatitis herpatiformis

A

Linked to coeliac disease symmetrical clusters of blisters at shoulder/buttocks/knees/elbows

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74
Q

Isograft

A

Tissue transplant between two genetically identical induviduals ie monozygotic

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75
Q

Allograft

A

Genetically different induviduals

76
Q

Accreta > Increta > percreta

A

Alphabetical order!
Accreta - superficial layer of myometrium
Increta - infiltrates myometrium
Percreta - transmural myometrial infiltration breaching through the serosa outside the uterus

77
Q

Risk factors for placental infiltration

A

PMHx C-section, myomectomy
Uterine abnormality
Placenta praevia

78
Q

What binds to vit D for exertional effects

A

calcitriol - 1,25-hydroxycholecalciferol

79
Q

Prognosis of successful pregnancy after miscarriage

A

After single = 85%, after 2 miscarriages = 75%

80
Q

Threatened miscarriage

A

Vaginal bleeding, current pregnancy = Os closed

81
Q

Complete miscarriage

A

Os closed, no fetal heart beat or uterine contents

82
Q

Inevitable miscarriage

A

Os open, active bleeding, may have fetal activity however irreversible

83
Q

Missed miscarriage

A

No bleeding, no expulsion of contents, Os closed

84
Q

Stillbirth

A

Absence of fetal movements/ heart beat

85
Q

Uses of misoprostol

A

Combined with mifepristone for termination of pregnancy

Stand alone - induction of labour, medical management of miscarriage

86
Q

1st line miscarriage

A

Expectant management for 14 days

87
Q

Hypokalemia ECG signs

A

Increased amplitude/width of P wave, increased PR interval
T wave flattening/inversion
ST depression
U waves

88
Q

Pre-diabetes

A

Hba1c 42-47

89
Q

Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance

A

IFG - fasting glucose 6.1 -6.9 mmol

IGT - Serum glucose 7.8 - 11.0 2hrs following OGTT

90
Q

Fibroproliferative disorders

A

Duyptren’s, Peyronie’s

AD with variable penetrance

91
Q

Duyptren’s contracture incidence and managements

A

6x increased in males, a fibroproliferative disorder leading to forward flexion contracture of a finger due to thickening of cords
RF - FHx, alcohol, diabetes

92
Q

Red flag of developmental delay

A

Unable to walk at 18 months

93
Q

Indications for urgent AAA repair

A

Size > 5.5 or increasing > 1cm per year

94
Q

Most common AIDS defining illness

A

Pneumocystis jiovecii pneumonia

95
Q

Inheritence of haemophilias

A

X-linked recessive

96
Q

Sensitivity

A

Identification of those with the diease ie the true postive rate

TP/ (TP + FN)

97
Q

Specificity

A

Identifying those without the disease TN/ (TN + FP)

98
Q

SCID

A

Severe combined immunodefiency - impaired B/T cell immunity increasing risk of all bacterial, viral and fungal infections usually presents at young age!

X-linked recessive or AR

99
Q

T cells in di George

A

Thymic hypoplasia due to 3rd/4th pharyngeal arch defects leading to T-cell defiency
Increased risk of viral and fungal. Not bacterial due to intact humoral component

100
Q

Parkland formula

A

BSA x 4ml x weight = fluid volume

50% over 8hrs, 50% over 16hrs

101
Q

Septic arthritis Mx

A

Surgical emergency due to risk of joint destruction and irrversible damage.

FBC, CRP, joint aspiration prior to joint aspiration/washout with 2 weeks IV Abx - flucloxacillin/ tazocin

102
Q

Infections common in complement defiency

A

Encapsulated organism - neisseria meningitides, streptococcus pneumoniae, HiB

Due to C5-C9 needed to form the MAC

103
Q

FAST scan

A

Focused assessment with sonography in trauma

  • subxiphoid pericardial effusion
  • periheptic space (Morrison’s pouch)
  • perisplenic
  • Pouch of douglas
104
Q

Pericardial tamponade

A

Beck’s triad - muffled heart sounds, rasied JVP, reduced arterial pressure

105
Q

TB drug regime

A

2 months - rifampacin, isonazid, ethanbutol, pyrazinamide

4 months - rifampacin + isonazid

106
Q

Right-left shunt

A

Blood bypasses lungs flowing from RV - LV.
Aveolar pa02 normal, arterial pa02 - reduced

Increasing inspired 02 = no effect on pa02

107
Q

A-gradient

A

Difference inbetween aveolar and arterial pa02.

Normal = 1.3 kPa

108
Q

A-gradient

A

Difference inbetween aveolar and arterial pa02.

Normal = 1.3 kPa

109
Q

Antibiotics inhibiting cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillin, cephalsporins, vancomycin

110
Q

Antibiotics inhibting protein synthesis

A

Macrolides, tetrecyclines, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, clindamycin

111
Q

Antibiotics affecting DNA synthesis

A

Trimethoprim, quinolones, metronidazole, rifampacin

112
Q

Narrow complex tachycardia management

A

Vagal manouvres
Adensoine bolus 6mg, 6mg, 12mg

If haemodynamically unstable - DC cardioversion

113
Q

Radial nerve anatomy

A

Arises in axilla, lies posterior to axillary artery, descends tightly wrapped around humerus in the radial groove.

114
Q

Function of radial nerve

A

Innervates all muscles in posterior muscles of the forearm essential for wrist extension. Hence wrist drop due to unopposed flexion

Sensory loss to dorsal lateral 3 1/2 fingers

115
Q

Heriditary haemorraghic telengestasia

A

AD condition 1/5000
PC - recurrent epistaxis often presents in teenagers

Multiple mucocutaneous telengectasia in nasal mucosa, lips, tongue. They can occur in the GI tract, conjunctiva, bladder, vagina, respiratory tract, brain and liver.

FHx, epistaxis, telengectasia and visceral lesions.
NB telengectasia blanch with pressure

116
Q

AVM’s in HHT

A

Cerebral - stroke

Gastrointestinal - chronic slow bleeding leading to Fe2+ defiency anaemia

117
Q

Risk factors Cervical cancer

A

HPV 11 + 18
Smoking
Early sexual activity, low socioeconomic status
HIV , immunosupression

118
Q

Neonatal congential heart block + SLE

A

anti-Ro autoantibodies cross react with antigens in cardiac conducting tissue. IgG autoantibodies cross the placenta hence passivly acquired

Require permenant pacing, rash/leucopenia resolve within 6 months

119
Q

Drug induced lupus antibodies

A

Isonazid, hydralazine, procainmide, chloropromazine and anticonvulsants

Cutanenous/pulmonary > renal

Homogenous staining on ANA

120
Q

SLE autoantibodies

A

ds-DNA, anti-smith, ANA
anti ro/ anti la - photosensitivity syndrome
anti cardiolipin - anti phospholipid syndrome

121
Q

PBC autoantibodies

A

AMA

122
Q

Limited systemic sclerosis

A

anti-centromere autoantibodies

123
Q

Fanconi syndrome PC

A

Polyuria, hypokalemia, hypophosphotaemia, acidosis

124
Q

Catherisation with #pelvic rami

A

Exclusion of urethral injury prior to catherisation

- reterograde urterography

125
Q

Proteinurea

A

> 300mg in 24hrs

126
Q

Smouldering myeloma

A

Transition from MGUS to myeloma
Monoclonal serum protein > 30g/l
Plasma cells >10% in BM / tissue biopsy

Crucially no evidence of end-organ damage!

127
Q

Drugs causing Stevens Johnson syndrome

A

NSAIDs, allopurinol
Anti-epileptics - phenytonin, carbamezipine, lamotrigine
Antibiotics

128
Q

Calcium gluconate hyperkalemia

A

10ml 10% calcium gluconate

129
Q

First line Mx of ankylosing spondylitis

A

Regular exercise, physio and NSAIDs

130
Q

Local anaestheitic overdose

A

20% intralipid injection.

131
Q

Perimortem C-section timings

A

Within 5 mins of arrest

132
Q

Primary closed angle glaucoma Mx

A

Acetazolamide 500mg stat
Pilocarpine
Urgent referral to opthalmologist

133
Q

Growth scans for diabetics pregnancy

A

Fetal growth scans 4 weekly from 28 weeks - 28,32,36

134
Q

Dating scan

A

From 10 weeks to 13+6
Confirms presence of viable interuterine pregnancy
Gestational age + singleton vs twins

135
Q

Anamoly scan

A

17 to 20+6 weeks detailed interrogation of organ development, placenta positioning.

136
Q

Low lying placental at dating scan

A

Extra scan at 36wks to assess for placenta praevia effecting delivery

137
Q

Antiepileptics safe in pregnancy

A

Lamotrigine + carbamazepine

138
Q

Malaria stats

A

Spread by female anolephes mosquito, four strains plasmodium falciparum, vivax, malariae and ovale

139
Q

Definition of venous sinus thrombosis

A

Thrombotic occlusion of one of the dural venous sinuses commonly presents with sub acute onset of headache with nausea/vomiting.

Difficult to diagnose on CT scan

140
Q

Gold standard investigation for painless haematuria

A

Cystoscopy + biopsy

141
Q

B2 adrenoreceptors

A

Relaxation of SM found in bronchial SM - salbutamol/salmeterol B2 agonists

142
Q

A1 adrenoreceptors

A

SM contraction in blood vessels, skin, GI and GU systems

143
Q

B1 adrenoreceptors

A

Cardiac muscle stimulation by B1 agonist ie adrenaline = increased HR + contractility

144
Q

Breastfeeding and fertility

A

Prolactin inhibits the release of FSH/LH hence suppression of ovulation

145
Q

Interuterine system for contraception post partum

A

Very effective as a long acting reversible contraceptive. Inserted at delivery or within 48hrs post partum

If not within 48hrs delay until 4 weeks due to increased risk of uterine perforation

146
Q

Safe contraception post partum

A

POP, progesterone implant, barrier methods

147
Q

Contraception > 6 weeks postpartum

A

All offered!

148
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A

Restlessness, insomnia + agitation
Sexual dysfunction
GI upset - N/V, dyspepsia, diarrhoea

149
Q

Levothyroxine in pregnancy

A

Increase dose 25-50 ug + referral to endocrinologist

150
Q

Chronic diarrhoea in HIV

A

Cryptosporidium - severe debilitating diarrhoea, wt loss, malabsorption. Mx - IV fluids, HAART, ORT

151
Q

Gold standard investigation for DDH

A

Hip ultrasound

152
Q

Barlow’s manouvre

A

Identifies dislocated hip

Adduct and applying force posteriorally

153
Q

Ortalani’s manouvre

A

Attempts to relocated a posterior dislocated hip.

Abduct to 90o and press over greater trochanter

154
Q

Laxitive abuse

A

Melanosis coli - brown/black pigmentation of colonic mucosa. Apoptosis of colonic mucosa leads to macrophage recruitment and stained with lipofuscin
Asymptomatic - incidental finding on colonoscopy

155
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau’s syndrome - nearly exclusively die in utero or are stillborn often have holoprosencephaly, cleft defects, neural tube defects, renal abnormalities, cardiac defects, polydactyl

156
Q

When to suspect Potter’s syndrome

A

IUGR + severe oligohydramnios

157
Q

Centor criteria

A

Fever >38
Absence of cough
Tonsillar exudate
Tender ant cervical lymphadenopathy

158
Q

Precipitant of SCD aplastic crisis

A

Parovirus B19 triad of reticulocytopenia, symptomatic anaemia, parovirus IgM antibodies

159
Q

Blood supply to posterior heart

A

Right dominant - RCA branches to marginal (ant/post RV) and posterior interventricular (inferior) = 90%

Left dominant - LCA - left anterior interventricular branch to supply inferior = 10%

160
Q

Enzyme inducers

A 
Carbamazepine
Rifampacin
C
Phenytoin
Grisufovine
Phenobarbitone
Sulphonylureas
161
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A 
Sulphonamides
Isonazid
Cimitidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol (acute)
Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
Sodium valproate
Chlorampenicol
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
162
Q

BCR:ABL

A

9:22 translocation of tyrosine kinase receptor = CML

163
Q

Iron chemistry in haemochromatosis

A

Increased ferritin, serum iron and transferrin

Decreased total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

164
Q

Total iron binding capacity

A

Measure of the capacity of transferrin to bind iron hence in iron defiency anaemia increased

165
Q

Platelets in von Willebrand disease

A

Normal platelets, prolonged APTT, normal PT

166
Q

Follicular lymphoma

A

Most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 14:18 translocation forming bcl-2

167
Q

Chromosomal abnormality in Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

cr 14:18 c-myc

168
Q

Fanconi’s anaemia

A

Defective DNA repair increased risk of chromsomal rearrangments and breakages

High frequency in Ashkanazi Jews (1/90 carrier)
Inherited aplastic anaemia, abnormal thumbs, renal malformations, microcephaly and hypogonadism

169
Q

Howell Jolly bodies

A

DNA remenants usually removed by the spleen however perist in those post-splenectomy or with functional hypersplenism

170
Q

Schistocytes

A

Red blood cell fragments from RBC which have been sliced by fibrin bands - seen with intravascular haemolysis

171
Q

Triad in haemolytic anaemia

A

Reticulocytosis - increased RBC production

Unconjugated bilirubinaemia - increased RBC destruction

172
Q

Unexplained microcytic anaemia with low ferritin

A

Urgent upper and lower GI endoscopy

173
Q

Transfusion haemosiderosis

A

Repeated blood transfusion lead to iron depostion in the heart and endocrine organs - irrerversible heart failure

MRI for diagnosis

174
Q

Triad seen in DIC

A

Thrombocytopenia
Prolonged PT/APTT
Low fibrinogen
+/- elevated d-dimer

175
Q

ADAMTS13 defiency

A

TTP

176
Q

Signs of iron defiency

A

Glossitis, angular stomatitis, kolinochyia (spoon shaped nails)

Plummer Vinson syndrome - dysphagia, oesophageal webs and iron defiency

177
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Tetrebenzaine

178
Q

Causes of haemolytic anaemia

A

Inherited - SCD, thalassemia, G6PD, herediatry spherocytosis

Acquired - AI warm/cold haemolytic anaemia

179
Q

Investigation of choice for vesocuteric reflux in children

A

MCUG - micturating cystography

180
Q

Haemolysis in conjunction with pneumonia

A

AI cold haemogluttin disease secondary to mycoplasma pneumonia

181
Q

Complete remission in leukemia

A

No need for blood transfusion
< 5% blasts on BM biopsy
Neutrophils > 1 and platelets >100

182
Q

Partial remission in leukemia

A

Blasts 5% - 25%

>50 % remission

183
Q

Antiphospholipid syndrome

A

Hypercoaguable state with auto antibodies against phospholipid components causing recurrent miscarriages

184
Q

Acute haemolytic anaemia

A

Early transfusion complication occur within 24hrs commonly ABO/rh incompatability leads to agitation, pyrexia, hypotension, flushing, abdo/chest pain + DIC

185
Q

MAP

A

Average BP during a cardiac cycle
2 x diastolic + systolic/3

MAP > 65 = organ perfusion

186
Q

Normoglycemia

A

4-7 mmol/l

187
Q

Normal urine production

A

1ml/kg/hr = 70ml/hr = 1500 ml per day !

Finals - Pastest (2 decks)

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