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MEDICINE FINALS > MEDICINE > Flashcards

MEDICINE Flashcards

1
Q

NAME CAUSES OF MICROCYTIC ANAEMIA

A 
THALASAEMIA
ANAEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE
IRON DEFICIENCY
LEAD POISONING
SIDEROBLASTIC ANAEMIA
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2
Q

NAME CAUSES OF NORMOCYTIC ANAEMIA

A 
ACUTE BLOOD LOSS
BONE MARROW FAILURE
CHRONIC DISEASE
DESTRUCTION (HAEMOLYSIS)
RENAL FAILURE
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3
Q

NAME CAUSES OF MACROCYTIC ANAEMIA

A 
FETUS
ALCOHOL
THYROID DISEASE (HYPO)
RETICULOCYTOSIS
B12 FOLATE
CIRRHOSIS AND CHRONIC LVER DISEASE
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4
Q

TALK THROUGH GCS

A 
Motor response	6. Obeys commands
5. Localises to pain
4. Withdraws from pain
3. Abnormal flexion to pain (decorticate posture)
2. Extending to pain
1. None
Verbal response	5. Orientated
4. Confused
3. Words
2. Sounds
1. None
Eye opening	4. Spontaneous
3. To speech
2. To pain
1. None
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5
Q

What is Budd chiari syndrome?

A

Hepatic vein thrombosis seen usually as a result of haematological malignancy or pro coagualant state (polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombophillia, pregnancy, COCP

  • sudden onset severe abdominal pain
  • ascites
  • tender hepatomegaly

Investigate using USS with doppler

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6
Q

What are the causes of upper zone pulmonary fibrosis?

A 
CHARTS
C - Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
H - Histiocytosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis
A - Ankylosing spondylitis
R - Radiation
T - Tuberculosis
S - Silicosis/sarcoidosis
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7
Q

What are the causes of lower zone pulmonary fibrosis?

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
most connective tissue disorders (except ankylosing spondylitis) e.g. SLE
drug-induced: amiodarone, bleomycin, methotrexate
asbestosis

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8
Q

What cells are seen on blood film in CLL?

A

smudge/smear cells

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9
Q

What is seen on biopsy in burkitts lymphoma

A

starry sky appearance

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10
Q

What is seen on blood film in G6PD deficiency?

A

Heinz bodies/bite cells

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11
Q

What is associated with pulsus paradoxus?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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12
Q

What is associated with a bisferiens pulse

A

Mixed aortic valve disease

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13
Q

on a blood film what does haemolysis show?

A

Helmet cells/schistocytes

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14
Q

what is the treatment for a prolactinoma?

A

dopamine agonist BROMOCRIPTINE

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15
Q

What is the medical treatment for acromegaly?

A

cabergoline (dopamine agonist)

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16
Q

What is iron deficiency anaemia associated with?

A

pencil poikilocytes

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17
Q

What triad is associated with cardiac tamponade?

A

Becks triad
muffled heart sounds
hypotension
raised JVP

ECG showing electrical alternans

18
Q

what is electrical alternans associated with?

A

ECG changes for cardiac tamponade

19
Q

What is thalasaemia associated with on blood film?

A

Target cells
Basophilic stippling
heinz bodies

20
Q

What is a quaternary fever associated with

A

falciprum malariae

21
Q

what is a tertiary fever associated with

A

falciprum ovale, vivax

22
Q

What is erythema infectiosum?

A

parvo virus b19 slapped cheek

23
Q

On a blood film what is hyposplenism associated with?

A 
target cells
acanthocytes
pappenheimer bodies
siderotic granules
howell jolly bodies
24
Q

what treatment for non typhoid salmonella?

A

Ciprofloxacin

25
Q

what is pulsus paradoxus and what is it seen in?

A

acute asthma, cardiac tamponade

fall>10 systolic on inspiration leads to faint or absent pulse on inspiration

26
Q

What is characteristic of megaloblastic anaemia on a blood film?

A

hypersegmented neutrophils

27
Q

what are heterophile antibodies associated with?

A

EBV

28
Q

what is the treatment of acute prostatis

A

quinolone or trimethoprim

29
Q

what is pulsus alterans associated with?

A

severe LVH due to the regular alternation of the arterial pulse

30
Q

what is erythema chronica migrans associated with?

A

Lyme disease

31
Q

Talk about Erwing sarcoma

A

5-15
small cell tumour commonly in legs or pelvis
Patients present with a painful swelling and fever
X-ray shows a lytic lesion with onion skinning (laminated periosteal reaction)

32
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Protrudes directly through weakened area in transversalis fascia (Hesselbachs triangle)
MEDIAL to inferior epigastric artery

ACQUIRED

  • smoking (due to cough)
  • obesity
  • heavy lifting

RARELY STRANGULATES due to wide gap

33
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

travels down the inguinal canal and into the scrotum
failure of the process vaginalis to close
found in young active men and babies
LATERAL to inferior epigastric artery
Medial to pubic tubercle
can descend into the testicle on coughing and cant palpate upper border

34
Q

3 things about CYSTIC HYGROMA

A

Transilluminates brightly
Fluid filled
Posterior triangle

35
Q

What is the most common subtype of ovarian carcinoma and what does it show on biopsy?

A

Serous cystenocarcinoma
-psammo bodies - concentric calcified laminated bodies
often bilateral

36
Q

what is another word for teratoma

A

dermoid cyst

37
Q

when are sensitising miscarriages given anti d?

A

post 12 weeks

unless uterine vacuation is required

38
Q

what cells are seen in G6DP deficiency?

A

Bite cells and heinz bodies

39
Q

What cells are seen post splenectomy?

A

Howell Jolly bodies

40
Q

how to differntiate between CML and CLL

A

aurer rods in CML

41
Q

What are tear drop poilikocytes associated with?

A

Myelofibrosis

MEDICINE FINALS (2 decks)

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