Medicine

Question 1

Generalizability

Answer 1

external validity; applicability of the obtained results beyond the cohort that was studied

Question 2

CYP inhibitors that increase effect of Warfarin

Answer 2

acetaminophen, NSAIDs, metronidazole, amiodarone, cimetidine, cranberry juice, ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, omeprazole, thyroid hormone, SSRIs

Question 3

CYP inducers that decrease effect of Warfarin

Answer 3

carbamazepine, ginseng, green vegetables, oral contraceptives, phenobarbital, rifampin, st. johns wort

Question 4

What is the only oral medication approved for empiric treatment of acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 4

fluoroquinolones

Question 5

What does nitrofurantoin treat?

Answer 5

uncomplicated cystitis

Question 6

What does nitrofurantoin not treat pyelonephritis?

Answer 6

It does not adequately penetrate renal tissue

Question 7

What lung cancer is associated with hypercalcemia?

Answer 7

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 8

What lung cancer is associated with SIADH?

Answer 8

small cell carcinoma

Question 9

What lung cancer is associated with ACTH production?

Answer 9

small cell carcinoma

Question 10

Painless, transient monocular blindness lasting a few seconds & usually vascular in origin

Answer 10

Amaurosis fugax

Question 11

What causes papilledema? & how does it present?

Answer 11

Increased intracranial pressure;

Presents with transient vision loss lasting a few seconds with changes in head position

Question 12

What are the most common primary tumors to metastasize to the liver?

Answer 12

GI, lung, breast, skin

Question 13

Common triggers of Stevens Johnson Syndrome?

Answer 13

Allopurinol, Sulfonamids, Anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, sulfasalazine

Question 14

Clinical features of SJS?

Answer 14

coalescing erythematous macules, bullae, desquamation, mucositis, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, altered levels of consciousness, conjunctivitis, seizures, coma

Question 15

Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis

Answer 15

Bactrim

Question 16

Toxoplasmosis treatment

Answer 16

sulfadiazine & pyrimethamine

Question 17

How can you treat metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 17

Treat underlying cause, give normal saline

Question 18

Raising the cut-off point of a screening test does what to sensitivity and specificity?

Answer 18

Decreases sensitivity and increases specificity

Question 19

What cardiac abnormality is associated with hereditary hemochromatosis?

Answer 19

Restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy or conduction abnormalities

Question 20

What is the first step in management of severe symptomatic hypercalcemia?

Answer 20

vigorous hydration with NS

Question 21

What is the drug of choice for hypercalcemia of malignancy?

Answer 21

Bisphosphonates

Question 22

What are side effects of trimethoprim regarding renal function?

Answer 22

Can cause hyperkalemia due to blockade of the epithelial sodium channels; competitively inhibits renal tubular creatinine secretion causing an artificial increase in serum creatinine without affecting GFR

Question 23

Most likely cause of chronic anterior knee pain that gets worse when climbing stairs in a young female & how do you test for it?

Answer 23

Patellofemoral syndrome–check for pain elicited by extending the knee while compressing the patella

Question 24

Cardiac physical exam findings of pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade?

Answer 24

Diminished heart sounds and a non-palpable PMI

Question 25

Features of Conn’s syndrome?

Answer 25

Hypertension, hypokalemia, mild hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis, low renin

Question 26

At what CD4 count are live vaccines contraindicated?

Question 27

What are the live vaccines?

Answer 27

MMR, varicella, zoster, live-attenuated influenza (spray), yellow fever

Question 28

Presenting features of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 28

Presents 10-20 days after strep or skin infection:

• periorbital swelling, hematuria, oliguria
• UA shows hematuria w RBC casts & proteinuria
• low serum C3

Question 29

Most common cause of out-of-hospital SCA?

Answer 29

sustained V-tach or V-fib due to myocardial ischemia or infarction

Question 30

Common sites affected by warfarin-induced skin necrosis?

Answer 30

breasts, butt, thighs, and abdomen

Question 31

What drugs have been shown to increase appetite and weight gain in patients w cancer-related anorexia or cachexia syndrome?

Answer 31

Progesterone analogs (megestrol acetate & medroxyprogesterone acetate) and corticosteroids

Question 32

First line treatment for tinea versicolor?

Answer 32

topical selenium sulfide or ketoconazole

Question 33

What is the preferred treatment for disseminated histo?

Answer 33

Itraconazole

Question 34

What symptoms make viral esophagitis more likely than Candidal esophagitis as the etiology for esophagitis in an AIDS patient?

Answer 34

severe odynophagia without dysphagia or thrush

Question 35

What drugs cause drug induced interstitial nephritis?

Presenting symptoms?

Answer 35

Cephalosporins, PCNs, sulfonamids, NSAIDs, rifampin, phenytoin, allopurinol.
Symptoms: arthralgias, rash, renal failure, and eosinophils on UA

Question 36

What is the usual presenting symptoms of central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 36

painless loss of monocular vision

Question 37

How do you treat central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 37

ocular massage and high-flow oxygen administration

Question 38

What should you be suspicious of if a hospitalized patient develops unexplained leukocytosis?

Answer 38

C. diff