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SMLE 2023 > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Indication for renal replacement therapy?

A

AOUEI
A: Refractory Acidosis
O: Refractory fluid overload
U: Uremic encephalopathy/ pericarditis
E: Refractory hyperkalemia
I: Intoxication

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2
Q

Obese, black, HIV, Heroin use. DDx ?

A

Focal segmental Glomerloscelorosis

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3
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss + Ocular findings (lenticonus) In presence of family Hx of ESRD
DDx?

A

Alport syndrome

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4
Q

Causes of glomerulonephritis associated with low serum complements ?

A

• Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
• Subacute bacterial infection, especially endocarditis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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5
Q

Drugs causing high K level ?

A

β blockers
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine)
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Heparin
NSAIDs

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6
Q

Rapid correction of hyponatremia may cause ?

A

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (previously known as central pontine myelinolysis)

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7
Q

Rapid correction of hypernatremia may cause ?

A

Cerebral edema

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8
Q

Aspirin overdose, electrolytes disturbances ?

A

Respiratory alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

Do not treat asymptomatic UTI unless … ?

A
  1. pregnant
  2. post transplant
  3. will have urological procedure
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10
Q

Old Crab, multiple myeloma mnemonic ?

A

Old: old age
C: elevated calcium
R: renal failure
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesion + back pain

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11
Q

Anti- diabetic medication safe in renal disease ?

A

DDP-4 inhibitors: linagliptin

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12
Q

Mentzer index: MCV/RBC. If the index is more than 13, DDx ?

A

Iron deficiency Anemia

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13
Q

Mentzer index: MCV/RBC. If the index is less than 13, DDx ?

A

Beta-Thalassemia

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14
Q

Exchange Transfusion indications, in Acute chest syndrome ?

A

• Previous history of severe ACS or cardiopulmonary disease.
• Multilobar disease (>1 lobe affected) on chest imaging.
• Progression of ACS despite simple transfusion.
• Severe hypoxemia (SaO2 ≤85 percent or PaO2 ≤55 mm Hg).
• Declining SpO2 readings despite increasing oxygen delivery.

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15
Q

The most common organism associated with aplastic crisis ?

A

Parvovirus B-19

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16
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder ?

A

Von Willebrand disease (autosomal dominant)

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17
Q

Destruction of vWF Due to Severe Aortic Stenosis, DDx ?

A

Heyde’s Syndrome

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18
Q

Exercise induced asthma, Tx ?

A

SABA 30 min before exercise

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19
Q

Improve survival in COPD patients ?

A
  1. Smoking cessation
  2. Vaccination
  3. Home oxygen therapy if indicated
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20
Q

Which COPD medication decrease mucus secretion ?

A

SAMA: ipratropium bromide

21
Q

Best way to deliver oxygen in COPD patient ?

A

Venturi bag

22
Q

Lung nodule composed of calcium and fat, DDx ?

A

Hamartoma

23
Q

Most common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia and ventilation associated pneumonia ?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

24
Q

How long do the patches of lobar pneumonia disappear in CXR ?

A

6 wks

25
Q

Contraindication for thoracocentesis ?

A

Pleural effusion less then 1 cm / 10 mm

26
Q

Pneumoconiosis associated with TB ?

A

Silicosis

27
Q

Velcro like breathing, DDx ?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

28
Q

SLE drugs contraindicated during pregnancy ?

A

Methotrexate
Leflunamide
Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate Mofetil

29
Q

MC medication known to cause drug induced lupus ?

A

Hydralazine

30
Q

RA with CXR nodule, DDx ?

A

Caplan syndrome

31
Q

Clinical triad consisting of arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia, DDx ?

A

Felty syndrome

32
Q

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, CREST mnemonic ?

A

C: Calcinosis
R: Raynauds
E: Esophageal dismottility
S: Sclerodactyly
T: Telangiectasia

33
Q

Triad:
1- Skin lesions (purpura or nodules)
2- Asymmetric mononeuritis multiplex
3- Eosinophilia

A

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

34
Q

Target BP in ischemic stroke is ?

A

220/120

35
Q

Poorly controlled HTN, MC site of bleeding ?

A
  1. Basal ganglia
  2. Pons
  3. Cerebellum
36
Q

MC cause of seizure attack in epilepsy ?

A

Low AED level

37
Q

2 Drugs increase seizure frequency ?

A

Bupropion and fluoroquinolone

38
Q

Best Tx for trigeminal neurolagia ?

A

Carbamazepine

39
Q

Medication induce parkinsonism ?

A
  1. Metoclopramide
  2. Haloperidol
  3. Methyldopa
40
Q

Meningitis after swimming, organism ?

A

Naegleria fowleri

41
Q

IHD mortality reduction medications?

A

1-Aspirin
2-Beta blocker
3-ACE inhibitors
4-Statin

42
Q

HF mortality reduction medications?

A
  1. ACE
  2. BB
  3. Hydralazine
  4. Spironolactone
43
Q

Most frequently associated congenital heart disease with infective endocarditis?

A

VSD

44
Q

MC murmur in rheumatic heart disease?

A

Mitral stenosis

45
Q

Pistol shot sound, DDx?

A

Aortic regurgitation

46
Q

Anti diabetic medication reduce mortality?

A

SGLT-2

47
Q

Most important prognostic factor in chronic liver disease?

A

Prothrombin

48
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (CD4<200), Mx?

A

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)

SMLE 2023 (5 decks)

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