Medicine Flashcards
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is an inflammatory response in the airway and lungs caused by?
A high PPO2
Above 0.6
Pulmonary Toxicity becomes a risk when O2 is breathes in excess of?
0.6bar for a prolonged period
Symptoms of Pulmonary Toxicity are
Tickling Cough
Substernal burning
Coughing uncontrollably
Acute respiratory distresse syndrome
UPTD limits in 24 hours
1425 units
When is CNS likely to occur?
There is no fixed O2 exposure at which CNS O2 ( Acute O2 Toxicity) becomes apparent
Signs and Symptoms of CNS:
V.E.N.T.I.D
Vision( tunnel)
Ears (ringing)
Nausea
Twitching
Irritability
Dizziness
Convulsions
HPNS stands for?
High Pressure Nervous Sydrome
HPNS is brought on by:
Fast compression rates to depth( rule of thumb the deeper you dive the slower the compression)
Symptoms of HPNS are:
Coarse tremors
Un coordination
Jerky movements
Disorientation
Convulsions
Hypercapnia ( high levels of CO2 in your blood) causes:
-Increases work load
-Over breathing a hat
-Pre existing medical condition
-Failure of CO2 absorption
-large dead space
- CO2 in gas mix
What is a PFO
Patent Foramen Ovale
What does pressurised gas de solve into?
The Blood Plasma
Is it true that chest pain is gastritis
True
A ventilator is part of the DMAC 028 list
True
Hypothermia occurs when the body core drops to below?
35°C
After a Pulmonary Barotrauma, a diver may not return to diving before?
At least 3Months after full recovery
A vestibular bend is most likely to occur in which of the following has exchanges?
Gas to Air
Complete Nitrogen de saturation takes
24 hours
Pain only DCI
Skin: itchy and or Rash
Joint: painful at site
Muscle: localised at site
Serious DCI Spinal, Cerebral, Vestibular
( within 20minutes of surfacing)
Numbness or tingling
Weakness or Paralysis
Girdle pain
Loss of bladder control
Headache and Dizziness
Hearing difficulties
Confused
Personal change
Paralysis down one side
Collapse
NOTE: pain in the mid thigh may indicate Spinal DCI
Vestibular DCI
Vertigo
Nausea
Dizziness
Hearing loss
Nystagmus
If a diver is involved in an uncontrolled accent.
Treat for AGE
Serious DCI and AGE present themselves,
Shortly after the diver has surfaced
Treatment for a DCI or AGE
Recompress according to company policy.
Place on Bibs
Conduct Neurological examination as early as possible
Hyperthermia starts at, what temperature and what are the symptoms? How would you treat them?
39°C
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Lethargic
Low blood pressure
Raised pulse
Treatment:
Cool
Rehydrate
Rest
Hypothermia onset, symptoms and treatment
35°C
Speech impaired
Fixes ideas
Sluggish reactions
Confusion
Amnesia
Treatment:
Rewarm slowly
Space blanket/ body heat
O2
IV
Heat Stroke symptoms and treatment
Skin dry
Skin hot to touch
Flushed face
Dilated pupils
Weakness
Convulsions
Pulse rapid and weak
Shallow rapid breathing
Treatment:
Immediately cool
IV
Cooling packs
Barotrauma
Pressure Injury
Aural Barotruama
Middle ear Squeeze:
Blocked eustachian tubes
Burst eardrum
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Gas trapped under the skin around the neck, shoulders and armpits
SYMPTOMS:
Puffiness around the neck, horse voice, crepitus
Mediastinal Emphysema
Gas trapped in space between the heart and lungs and trachea
SYMPTOMS:
Difficulty breathing, pain behind sternum, hoarse voice
Pneumothorax
Punctured lung, gas leaking from the lung into the chest cavity
SYMPTOMS:
Chest pain, restricted breathing and chest movement
TREATMENT:
STOP Decompression give raises O2 on bids
DONOT RECOMPRESS UNLESS LIFE THREATENING
Tension Pneumothorax
Symptoms: Chest pain, restricted breathing, deviated Trachea
Treatment:
Stop decompressing
Put on Bibs O2
Chest drain
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Hyperoxia ( too much 02)
CNS(Acute)
Cause by breathing O2 with PP02 1.6bar and above
SYMPTOMS:
Vision
Ears
Nausea
Irritability
Dizziness
Convulsions
TREATMENT:
Remove bibs
Stop decompression
Check for injury
Protect airway
Protect from self harm
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Pulmonary(Chronic)
Breathing O2 for long periods above 0.6bar or 600mb
Symptoms:
Tickly cough
Dry irritated
Tight chest
Burning sensation in lungs
Persistent dry cough
Painful finger tips
Shortness of breathe
TREATMENT:
Remove Bibs
Observe patient
Check Neurological state
Hypoxia ( partial lack of O2)
PPO2 less than 16%, 0.16bar or 160mb
SYMPTOMS:
Cyanosis( blue fingers and earlobes)
Breathlessness
Increased heart rate
What is the purpose of decompression in treatment of a arterial gas embolism(AGE)
To reduce the size of the bubble causing the embolism
