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Pharmacology NCLEX > Medications NCLEX > Flashcards

Medications NCLEX Flashcards

1
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Anticonvulsant often prescribed in pregnancy to manage Epilepsy

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2
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to treat Myasthenia Gravis
- take 45-60 minutes before meals

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3
Q

Misoprostol

A

Synthetic prostaglandin, prescribed to prevent gastric ulcers in pts with long term NSAID use. Reduces stomach acid.
Also used to induce labor by stimulating contractions. STOP medication if pregnancy occurs.

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4
Q

Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses the production of gastric acid.
Prevents stress ulcers from developing.

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5
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea stimulates insulin release via the pancreas in clients with T2DM
- Risk for severe and prolonged hypoglycemia in older adults.
- BEERS criteria

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6
Q

BEERS Criteria

A

list of medications that may be inappropriate for older adults clients

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7
Q

Sulfonylureas and example

A

Stimulate insulin release via the pancrease
Ex: glyburide

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8
Q

Desmopressin

A

Mimics the effects of naturally occurring ADH
- used to treat central diabetes insipidus
- Increases renal water resorption and concentrates urine.
- monitor for symptoms of water intoxication/hyponatremia

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9
Q

Dabigatran

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor
Anticoagulant commonly prescribed to reduce risk of thromboembolism and stroke in clients with chronic atrial fibrillation.

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10
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

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11
Q

Torsemide

A

Loop diuretic

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12
Q

Isosorbide (dinitrate)

A

Used in conjuction with hydralazine in clients with HF who have an inadequate response to other medications. Decreases cardiac workload by reducing preload and afterload while leaving fluid volume unaffected.

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13
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium channel blocker prescribed to reduce ventricular rate, improve cardiac output, and convert a-fib to sinus rhythm.

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14
Q

Insulin Lispro

A

Rapid acting insulin
Peak effect 1-3 hours after subcut admin

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15
Q

Atorvastatin

A

A statin drug prescribed to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and CAD.

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16
Q

Serious Adverse effect of statins

A

Myopathy - with generalized muscle aches and weakness.
increase in creatine kinase level.

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17
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Commonly used antiemetic medication that treats nausea, vomiting, and gastroparesis by increasing gastrointestinal motility and promoting stomach emptying.

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18
Q

Complication of extended use and/or high doses of metoclopramide

A

Tardive dyskinesia - uncontrollable motions (sucking/smacking lips) often irreversible.

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19
Q

Severe complication of metformin

A

Lactic Acidosis
- nephropahty caused by the administration of iodinated contrast can result in an accumulation of metformin in the blood stream which inceases risk for lactic acidosis

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20
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID

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21
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor
Dosage should be adjusted for clients with renal impairment

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22
Q

Contraindications for giving ACE inhibitors

A

Hyperkalemia
hypotension
Elevated serum creatinine

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23
Q

Blood test to evaluate heparin therapy

A

PTT

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24
Q

Blood test to evaluate Warfarin therapy

A

PT/INR

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25
Levofloxacin
Antibiotic
26
Sucralfate
Forms a protective layer in the gastrointestinal mucosa, physical barrier against stomach enzymes and acids. Treat and prevent both stomach and duodenal ulcers. take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime. Take on empty stomach
27
Clonidine
Central-acting alpha2agonists decrease sympathetic response from the brainstem to the peripheral vessels, resulting in decreased peripheral vascualr resistance and vasodilation DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY - rebound hypertension.
28
Complications of long-term use of PPI
C-Diff associated diarrhea fractures d/t decreased calcium absorption Pneumonia Hypomagnesmia (decreased intestinal magnesium absorption)
29
Complication of long-term bisphosphonate therapy
Jaw necrosis
30
Symptoms of phenytoin toxicity
visual changes (diplopia, nystagmus) and gait disturbance (Ataxia)
31
Digoxin
Cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and A-fib. positive inotropic effect (Increased CO) negative chronotropic effects (decreased HR) Drug toxicity is common
32
Symptoms of digoxin toxicity
- cardiac arrhythmias - bradycardia and heart block - dizziness/lightheadedness - visual symptoms (scotomas, blindness) - Gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, abdo pain) - Neurologic (lethargy, fatigue, confusion)
33
Spironolactone
Potassium-sparing diuretic - useful when combined with thiazide diuretics to reduce potassium loss
34
Initial treatment for Salicylate toxicity
Activated charcoal
35
Dicyclomine
Anticholinergic medication used to relax smooth muscle and dry secretions. causes constipation decreases intestinal motility. contraindicated in patients with paralytic ileus used to treat IBS
36
Allopurinol
Hypourecmic medication that dissolves and prevents the formation of urate crystals that contribute to acute exacerbations of gout.
37
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics used to lower blood pressure.
38
Nitroglycerin
Used to dilate coronary arteries and increase myocardial perfusion. Provides pain relief for clients with ACS until definitive treatment plan.
39
Erectile dysfunction medications
Sidenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
40
Valsartan
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
41
Propranolol
Nonselective beta blocker that inhibits beta1 (heart) and beta2(bronchial) receptors. Bronchoconstriction may occur.
42
Adverse effects of anticholinergic medications
Pupillary dilation urinary retention constipation dry mouth
43
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Used to treat mild hyperkalemia Works in the GI tract and eliminates potassium in the stool Assess bowel sounds and monitor frequency of bowel movements
44
Tetracycline Administration considerations
Antibiotic - take on an empty stomach - avoid antacids or dairy products - take with a full glass of water - photosensitivity - additional contraceptive use (Decreases effectivness of oral contraceptives)
45
Calcium acetate
Phosphate binder used to treat hyperphosphatemia
46
Metronidazole
An antibiotic used to treat bacterial, parasitic, and protozoal infections. ABSTAIN COMPLETELY FROM ALCOHOL
47
Filgrastim
Stimulates neutrophil production
48
Vancomycin - complication - therapeutic range
potent antibiotic used to treat gram-positive bacterial infections nephrotoxic trough levels - 10-20
49
Bismuth subsalicylate
pepto-bismol contains salicylate and could possibly cause Reye syndrome. children with viral infections should not be given aspirin or products containing salicylates
50
Sulfasalazine
a sulfonamide (salicylate and sulf antibiotic) and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used for mild to moderate chronic inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Inhibits the production of prostaglandin.
51
Common side effects of sulfa drugs
- crystalluria causing kidney injury - photosensitivity - folic acid deficiency - agranulocytosis - stevens-johnson syndrome
52
Methotrexate Adverse effects
Antirheumatic drug prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibits growth of rapidly dividing cells. - prevents conversion of folic acid to folate - clients should increase dietary intake of folic acid - Bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia - petechiae), hepatotoxicity, and GI irritation.
53
Adalimumab
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors block the action of TNF, a mediator that triggers a cell-mediated inflammatory response in the bdoy. Causes immunosuppression
54
Hydroxychloroquine - serious side effects
An antimalarial drug, more commonly prescribed to reduce fatigue and treat the skin and arthritic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. - retinal toxicity and visual disturbances can occur - get regular eye exams
55
Sevelamer
phosphate binder
56
Tamoxifen
Selective estrogen receptor modulators. blocks estrogen receptors in the breast stimulates estrogen in the uterus - could cause endometrial cancer
57
Antidote for benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
58
Levetiracetam
Anticonvulsant prescribed for seizure disorders
59
Scopolamine
Anticholinergic medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting from motion sickness
60
Ethambutol
Antitubercular drug used to treat active tuberculosis. risk for optic neuritis
61
Levetiracetam
Anticonvulsant that can be used to prevent and treat seizures in clients with brain tumors
62
Amiodarone - potential side effect
antiarrythmic medication used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias - pulmonary toxicity is potential complication
63
Riluzole
Slows progression of ALS
64
Paroxetine
SSRI
65
Linezolid
Antibiotic used for VRE and MRSA pneumonia and skin infections - do not take SSRI at the same time
66
Azathioprine
An immunosuppressant drug that can cause bone marrow depression and increase the risk for infection. Prescribed to treat autoimmune conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and prevent organ transplant rejection. Leukopenia can be a severe adverse effect
67
Isoniazid what vitamin does it deplete
An antitubercular medication. can deplete the body of pyridoxine (Vit B6) and cause peripheral neuropathy.
68
Rituximab
Monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer. Affects lymphocytes
69
Escitalopram
SSRI
70
Cyclosporine
An immunosuppressant used to treat psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and prevent transplant rejection
71
Sucralfate
Used to protect and coat mucosal lining in pts with PUD Can alter medication absorption

Pharmacology NCLEX (1 decks)

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