Medications for the Cardiovascular system

Question 1

ACE Inhibitors:

1. Commonly known suffix__________________
2. Therapeutic use: ⁽⁴⁾
3. ACTION:
4. COMPLICATIONS: ⁽⁶⁾
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS: ⁽³⁾
6. INTERACTIONS:⁽³⁾
   7.

Answer 1

1. –PRIL (^{captopril, lisinopril)}
2. HTN, Heart Failure, MI, Diabetic Nephropathy
3. ACTION:
   
   1. _{<span>Blocks conversation of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II leading to vasodilation</span>}
4. COMPLICATIONS:
   
   1. Orthostatic hypotension
   2. Dry Cough
   3. Hyperkalemia ^{(s/s numbness/tingling in hands/feet)}
      
      1. Avoid salt substitutes w/potassium
   4. Altered taste ^{(with captopril)}
   5. Angioedema ^{(swelling of tongue/oral pharynx)}
      
      1. Tx with Epinephrine and d/c med
   6. Neutropenia ^{(rare but serious complication of captopril)}
      
      1. _{<span>Monitor WBC every 2 weeks for three months</span>}
      2. _{<span>reversible if detected early</span>}
      3. _{<span>Pt should notify the provider </span>at any s/s of infection <strong>^{(fever, sore throat)}</strong>}
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS/ PRECAUTIONS:
   
   1. _{<em><strong><span>Pregnancy Risk Category D</span></strong></em>}
      
      1. ​not to be given during the 2nd and 3rd trimester
   2. _{<em><strong><span>Kidney Impairment</span></strong></em>}
   3. _{<strong><em><span>Use cautiously w/diuretic therapy</span></em></strong>}
      
      1. Stop diuretic 2-3 days prior to starting ACE inhibitor
6. INTERACTIONS:
   
   1. _{Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics increase the risk of hyperkalemia}
   2. _{ACE inhibitors can increase levels of lithium}
   3. _{NSAIDS can decrease the antihypertensive effect of the ACE inhibitor}

Question 2

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS)

1. Commonly known suffix:________________
2. Therapeutic Use: (4)
3. ACTION: (1)
4. COMPLICATIONS: (2)
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS: (1)
6. INTERACTIONS:(1)

Answer 2

1. -sartan ^{(losartan, valsartan)}
2. THERAPEUTIC USE:
   
   1. Hypertension
   2. Heart Failure
   3. MI
   4. Diabetic Nephropathy
3. ACTION:
   
   1. Prevents angiotensin II from binding to the receptors which results in dilation of the blood vessels and decreased BP.
4. COMPLICATIONS:
   
   1. Orthostatic hypotension
   2. Angioedema
      
      1. D/C med and treat with Epinephrine injection
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS:
   
   1. Pregnancy Risk Category D
      
      1. Should not be given in the 2nd of 3rd trimester.
6. INTERACTIONS:
   
   1. Increased RISK for Lithium Toxicity

Question 3

Calcium (Ca+) Channel Blockers

1. SUFFIX:_________
2. THERAPEUTIC USE: (3)
3. ACTION:
4. COMPLICATIONS: (4)
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS:
6. INTERACTIONS:

Answer 3

1. SUFFIX: ^{(HINT: A Very Nice Drug)}
   
   1. -dipine ^{(nifedipine,<u><strong> a</strong></u>mlodipine,<strong><u> n</u></strong>icardipine)}
   2. VERAPAMIL
   3. DILTIAZEM
2. THERAPEUTIC USE:
   
   1. Angina
   2. Hypertension
   3. Cardiac Dysrhythmias (Verapamil & Diltiazem)
3. ACTION:
   
   1. Blocks calciums access to the cells which causes arterial dilation and decreased blood pressure:
      
      1. decreased contractility
      2. decreased conductivity
      3. decreased demand for oxygen
4. COMPLICATIONS:
   
   1. ​Constipation (Increase fiber and fluid intake)
   2. Reflex Tachycardia
   3. Peripheral Edema
   4. Toxicity
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS:
   
   1. ​Pregnancy Risk Category
6. INTERACTIONS:
   
   1. ​Cimetidine, ranitidine, grapefruit juice (can cause toxicity)

Question 4

ALPHA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS ^{(sympatholytics)}

1. SUFFIX:______________
2. THERAPEUTIC USE: (2)
3. ACTION:
4. COMPLICATIONS
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS:
6. INTERACTIONS:

Answer 4

1. SUFFIX:
   
   1. –ZOSIN
      
      1. Prazosin
      2. Doxazosin Mesylate
2. THERAPEUTIC USE:
   
   1. Hypertension
   2. BPH (Doxazosin Mesylate)
3. ACTION:
   
   1. Inhibits the Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors—>arterial and venous dilation that lowers blood pressure
4. COMPLICATIONS:
   
   1. First-dose Orthostatic Hypotension
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS:
   
   1. Pregnancy Risk Category “C”
6. INTERACTIONS:
   
   1. other antihypertensive medications (can cause additive effect)
      
      1. hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness, faitness

Question 5

CENTRALLY ACTING ALPHA AGONISTS

1. SUFFIX / MEDS:
2. Therapeutic Use:
3. ACTION:
4. COMPLICATIONS:
5. CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS:
6. INTERACTIONS:

Answer 5

1. SUFFIX / MEDS:
   
   1. Clonidine
   2. Guanfacine
   3. Methyldopa