Medications for CV System Flashcards
I. Antihypertensives
–>treatment for clients with hypertension, includes lifestyle modification and medications
1) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
2) Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
3) Calcium Channel Blockers
4) Alpha Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics)
5) Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists
6) Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics)
7) Vasodilators
ACE Inhibitors
- ->block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- monitor K+ levels
Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril (Vasotec) Enalaprilat (Vasotec IV) Fosinopril (Monopril) Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- ->selectively block binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors found in tissues
- monitor K+ levels
Losartan (Cozaar)
Valsartan (Diovan)
Irbesartan (Avapro)
Calcium Channel Blockers
- ->slows movement of calcium into smooth-muscle cells, resulting in arterial dilation and decreased BP
- do not consume gf juice
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
*do not consume gf juice
Alpha Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics)
- ->selectively inhibit alpha1 adrenergic receptors, resulting in peripheral arterial and venous dilation that lowers BP
- take @ bedtime to minimize hypotensive effects
Prazosin (Minipress) Doxazosin mesylate (Cardura)
Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists
- ->stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors (alpha2) in the brain to reduce peripheral vascular resistance, HR, and systolic and diastolic BP.
- contraindicated with anticoagulant therapy
- do not administer to those taking MAOIs
Clonidine (Catapress) Guanfacine HCl (Tenex) Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics)
–>inhibit stimulation of receptor sites, resulting in decreased cardiac excitability, cardiac output, myocardial oxygen demand; lower BP by decreasing release of renin in the kidney
Cardioselective Beta1:
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)
Nonselective (Beta1 and Beta2):
Propranolol (Inderal)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Labetalol (Normodyne)
Beta1 receptors are primarily in the…
Beta2 receptors are primarily found in the…
…cardiac and renal tissues
…lungs, GI tract, liver, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle
Vasodilators
–>direct vasodilation of arteries and veins resulting in rapid reduction of BP (decreased preload and afterload)
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat IV)
Enalaprilat (Vasotec IV)
Nitroprusside (Nipride)
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
II. Cardiac Glycosides
–>used in treatment of clients who have cardiac failure or ineffective pumping mechanism of heart muscle
Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps, Digitek)
*Digoxin toxicity: GI effects (anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain); CNS effects (fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos around objects).
III. Antianginal Medications
–>use of organic nitrates, beta adrenergic-blocking agents, and calcium channel blockers to treat pain r/t imbalances between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Nitrostat (sublingual)
Nitrolingual (translingual spray)
Nitro-Bid (topical ointment)
Nitro-Dur (transderm patch)
IV. Antidysrhythmic Agents
–>complex agents with multiple mechanisms of action.
Classified according to their effects on the electrical conduction system of the heart (Class I, II, III, IV)
- Adenosine (Adenocard)–slows conduction time through the AV node, interrupts AV node pathways to restore NSR
- Amiodarone (Cordarone)–prolongs repolarization, relaxes smooth muscles, decreases vascular resistance
- Atropine–increases firing of SA node and conduction through AV node, opposes actions of vagus nerve by blocking acetylcholine receptor sites
V. Antilipemic Medications
–>aid in lowering LDL levels and increasing HDL levels. Therapy includes diet, exercise, and weight control.
1) Statin Medications
2) Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Statin Medications
- ->interfere with hepatic enzyme HMG COA to reduce formation of cholesterol precursors
- prolonged bleeding in clients taking warfarin
Simvastatin (Zocor) Lovastatin (Mevacor) Pravastatin sodium (Pravachol) Rosuvastin (Crestor) Fluvastatin (Lescol, Lescol XL)
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
- ->inhibits absorption of cholesterol secreted in the bile and from food. Often used in combination with other antilipemic medications
- risk of liver damage increased when combined w/ statins
Ezetimibe (Zetia)