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DH Protocols > Medications - Descriptions > Flashcards

Medications - Descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Adenosine

Description

A

Adenosine transiently blocks conduction through the AV node thereby terminating reentrant tachycardias (think PSVT). It will not terminate dysrhythmias that do not involve the AV node as a reentrant limb.

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2
Q

Albuterol

Description

A

Selective beta-2 agonist. It is a bronchodilator and positive chronotrope.

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3
Q

Amiodarone

Description

A

Amiodarone has multiple effects on Phase 1,2,3, and 4 with a quick onset. The dominant effect is prolongation of the action potential duration and the refractory period.

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4
Q

Aspirin (ASA)

Description

A

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and blood clotting and is indicated for treatment of acute coronary syndrome in which platelet aggregation is a major component of the pathophysiology. It is also an analgesic and anti-pyretic.

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5
Q

Atropine

Description

A

Atropine is an endogenous anti-muscarinic, anti-cholinergic substance. It is the prototypical anticholinergic medication with the following effects:
Increased heart rate and AV node conduction
Decreased GI motility
Urinary retention
Pupillary dilation
Decreased sweat, tear, and saliva production

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6
Q

Calcium Gluconate

Description

A

Cardioprotective agent in hyperkalemia

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7
Q

Cyanokit

Description

A

Antidote to hydrogen cyanide gas, contains hydroxocobalamin, a precursor to Vitamin B-12, which binds to cyanide and neutralizes it so the poison is no longer toxic. The chemical is then eliminated through urination.

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8
Q

Dextrose 50%

Description

A

Glucose is the body’s basic fuel and is required for cellular metabolism. A sudden drop in blood sugar level will result in disturbances of normal metabolism, manifested clinically as a decrease in mental status, sweating, and tachycardia. Further decreases may result in coma, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias

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9
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

Description

A

Benzodiazepine class sedative-hypnotice and anti-convulsant skeletal muscle relaxant

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10
Q

Benadryl

Description

A

Antihistamine for treating histamine-mediated symptoms of allergic reaction. Also, anti-cholinergic and anti-parkinsonian effects used for treating dystonic reactions caused by anti-psychotic and anti-emetic medications.

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11
Q

Dopamine

Description

A

Endogenous catecholamine chemically related to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Increases blood pressure through combination of a dopamine, alpha and beta receptor effects leading to increased heart rate, contractility and peripheral vasoconstriction.

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12
Q

Droperidol

Description

A

Butyrophenone derivative closely related to haloperidol. Droperidol produces a dopaminergic blockage, a mild alpha-adrenergic blockage, and causes peripheral vasodilation. Its major actions are sedation, tranquilization, and potent anti-emetic effects.

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13
Q

DuoDote

Description

A

DuoDote Nerve Agent antidote kit consists of one auto-injector for self and/or buddy administration. One injector contains 2.1mg atropine and 600mg pralixdoxime chloride (2-PAM).

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14
Q

Epinephrine

Description

A

Endogenous catecholamine alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Causes dose-related increase in heart rate, myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, peripheral vasoconstriction and bronchodilation.

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15
Q

Fentanyl

Description

A

Potent synthetic opioid analgesic.

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16
Q

Glucagon

Description

A

Increases blood sugar concentration by converting liver glycogen to glucose. Glucagon also causes relaxation of smooth muscle of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon.

17
Q 
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
(Description)
A

Ipratropium Bromide is an anticholinergic, anti-muscarinic bronchodilator chemically related to atropine.

18
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

Description

A

Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. In cardiac patients, it stabilizes the potassium pump, correcting depolarization. It also shortens the Q-T interval in the presence of ventricular arrhythmias due to drug toxicity or electrolyte imbalance. In respiratory patients, it may act as a bronchodilator in acute bronchospasm due to asthma or other bronchospastic diseases. In patients suffering from eclampsia, it controls seizures by blocking neuromuscular transmission and lowers blood pressure as well as decreases cerebral vasospasm.

19
Q

Methyprednisolone (Solu-medrol)

Description

A

Methyprednisolone is a synthetic steroid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation and may alter the immune response. In addition, it potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic agonists and may alter airway hyperactivity.

20
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

Description

A

Midazolam HCL is a water-soluble short acting benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. It is believed that benzodiazepines exert their effect on the GABA receptor to create anxiolysis, sedation, and muscle relaxation.

21
Q

Morphine

Description

A

Morphine is an opioid analgesic. Morphine causes analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression and complex hemodynamic effects, including hypotension caused by histamine release.

22
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

Description

A

Competitive opioid receptor antagonist

23
Q

Nitroglycerine

Description

A

Short-acting peripheral vasodilator (smooth muscle veins) decreasing cardiac preload and afterload.

24
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Description

A

Ondansetron is a selective serotonin receptor antagonist anti-emetic.

25
Q

Oxygen

Description

A

Increases the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissue. Tissue hypoxia causes cell damage and death.

26
Q

Phenylephrine

Description

A

Used for topical nasal administration, phenylephrine primarily exhibits alpha adrenergic stimulation. This stimulation can produce moderate to marked vasoconstriction and subsequent nasal decongestion.

27
Q

Racemic Epinephrine

Description

A

Racemic epinephrine is an epinephrine preparation in a 1:1000 dilution for use by oral inhalation. Inhalation causes local effects on the upper airway as well as systemic effects from absorption. Vasoconstriction may reduce swelling in the upper airway, and beta effects on bronchial smooth muscle may relieve bronchospasm.

28
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

Description

A

Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalotic solution, which neutralizes acids found in the body. Acids are increased when body tissues become hypoxic due to cardiac or respiratory arrest.

29
Q

Topical Ophthalmic Anesthetics

Description

A

Used for topical administration as a pain reliever for eye irritation. Only proparacaine and tetracaine are approved for use.

DH Protocols (3 decks)

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