Medications and Medicaments

Question 1

Types of medicaments (6)

Answer 1

Phenolic compounds
Essential oils
Aldehydes
Calcium hydroxide (MOST COMMON)
Steroids
Antibiotics

Question 2

Phenols

Answer 2

Antimicrobial
* Bind to cell membrane and lipids
Toxic to cells (toxicity greater than antimicrobial effect)

Not used today

Cresatin

Question 3

CMCP (camphorated mono pargchlorophenol)

Answer 3

Less tissue toxic than phenols

Question 4

Cresatin (metacresylacetate)

Answer 4

Less toxic them CMCP

Vital pulpectomy

Question 5

Formaldehyde

* Formocresol

Answer 5

Formalin and Cresol
Pulpectomy/Pulpotomy

Fixes tissues - fix the tissue stumps left behind in pulpotomy

Aldehyde

Question 6

Corticosteriod/Antibiotic Combinations

Answer 6

Help eliminate inflammation from over instrumentation (Ledermix)

Between two appointments

Question 7

Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH)

Answer 7

Antibacterial
* Inactivates biologic activity of bacterial LPS
which egress from necrotic pulps into
periapical tissues and cause PA lesions

Not problematic if expressed out of the end of the canals
Place cotton pellets and cavit over

May stimulate apical root end closure

Question 8

Cotton and Cavit (IRM)

Answer 8

Temporary Material
Nothing in the canal – simply trying to dry the canal completely.
Will use if canal is not infected anymore

Question 9

Intracanal medicaments biological properties (5)

Answer 9

Antibacterial
Enhance anesthesia (kill more plural tissue)
Render canal conents inert
Control persistent inflammation
Control post-treatment pain

Question 10

Intracanal medicaments limitations and side effects (5)

Answer 10

Intracanal environment
Duration (time of being effective)
Toxicity/allergy
Distribution
Taste/smell

Question 11

Duration of formal creosol

Answer 11

May only work for a couple of weeks
Distributed by vapors
Want to place dried formal creosol cotton peletts in the canal to evaporate

Question 12

Duration of calcium hydroxide

Answer 12

Every 3 months

Question 13

Aldehydes

Answer 13

Formaldehydes
*Formocresol
Gluteraldehydes

Question 14

Essential Oils

Answer 14

Eugenol

Question 15

Eugenol

Answer 15

essential oil – OIL OF CLOVES

Inhibit nerve activity
Potent antimicrobial properties

Will usually place an IRM over eugenol

Question 16

Halides

Answer 16

Potent bacterial or viral killers

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Iodine

Question 17

No significant difference in postoperative pain between the groups of medicaments

Answer 17

Most doctors just place a cotton pellet

Question 18

No significant relationship between pain with the chemical agents used in endodontics

Answer 18

Pain during inter appointment was not due to endodontic agents

Question 19

No significant difference was found in the flare up rate among the intracanal medicaments and contorls

Answer 19

.

Question 20

Microorganisms need not be drowned!

Answer 20

.

Question 21

Indications for placement of CaOH

Answer 21

Necrotic pulp

FOLLOWING straight line access and establishing MAF

Question 22

Placement technique of CaOH

Answer 22

Powder mixed with glycerin - place with lento spiral
* NOT radio opaque

Syringe
* can get radio - opaque material

Question 23

Prescription

Answer 23

An order for medication which is dispesed to or for an ultimate user

NOT dispensed for immediate adminstration to ultimate user

Question 24

Controlled substance rules

Answer 24

Must be dated and signed ON DAY OF ISSUE
Patient's full name and address
Practitioner's full name, address, and DEA#
Drug name
Strenght
Dosage
Quantitiy prescribed
Directions for use
Number of refills 
Writtin in INK, INDELIBLE PENCIL, TYPED
Manually signed

Question 25

May not supply practitioner for GENERAL dispensing to patients.

Tor F

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Schedule II controlled substances

Answer 26

Require written prescription
No federal time limit to fill
No specific federal limits to quantities (states and insurance have limits)
Refills prohibited
Multiple prescritions (90 days) permitted
Facsimile (fax) prescriptions ok for PREP only – original prescription must be present for dispensing
Emergency phone prescription only for quantity to cover emergency period - provided original prescription received within seven days

Question 27

Schedule III – V substances

Answer 27

Prescriptions for schedule III, IV, V may be oral, written, or faxed

Refills ok and by call in

Question 28

Superscription

Answer 28

Patient’s name, address, date, and Rx

Question 29

Inscription

Answer 29

name of drug, dose form, and quantity

Question 30

Subscription

Answer 30

directions to pharmacist

Question 31

Transcription

Answer 31

directions to patient

Question 32

NSAIDS

Answer 32

non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

• Ibuprofen
• Naproxyn – aleve
• ASA – aspirin
• Acetamenophen – tyelenol

PAIN

Question 33

Narcotic/Opioids

Answer 33

PAIN

Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydroxodone
Meperidine
Popoxyphene

Question 34

Steroids

Answer 34

PAIN

Corticosteroids

Anti-inflammatory
Do not put on for a long time
Loading dose and decrease over a 5 day period

Question 35

Antibiotics

Answer 35

INFECTION

Penicillins
Extended spectrum
Mycins

Question 36

Benzodiaxepines

Muscle relaxants

Answer 36

FEAR / ANXIETY

Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Midazola, Triazolam, Larazepam

Carisoprodol, Cyclobenzaprine

Question 37

Clindamycin

Answer 37

Use for penicillin allergic patients
May cause colon ulcerations
Take with yogurt

Question 38

Augmentin

Answer 38

Amoxicillin

Globulonic acid

Question 39

Azithromycin

Answer 39

penicilin allergic patients

Question 40

Common anxiolytics

Answer 40

Balium
Librium

Muscle relaxants:
Soma
Flexeril

Question 41

Tylenol with Codeine

Answer 41

30 mg of codeine

Question 42

Lortab/Norco

Answer 42

Hydrocodon

mixed with tylenol

Question 43

Percocet/Percodon

Answer 43

.