Medications and Medicaments Flashcards
Types of medicaments (6)
Phenolic compounds Essential oils Aldehydes Calcium hydroxide (MOST COMMON) Steroids Antibiotics
Phenols
Antimicrobial
* Bind to cell membrane and lipids
Toxic to cells (toxicity greater than antimicrobial effect)
Not used today
Cresatin
CMCP (camphorated mono pargchlorophenol)
Less tissue toxic than phenols
Cresatin (metacresylacetate)
Less toxic them CMCP
Vital pulpectomy
Formaldehyde
* Formocresol
Formalin and Cresol
Pulpectomy/Pulpotomy
Fixes tissues - fix the tissue stumps left behind in pulpotomy
Aldehyde
Corticosteriod/Antibiotic Combinations
Help eliminate inflammation from over instrumentation (Ledermix)
Between two appointments
Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH)
Antibacterial
* Inactivates biologic activity of bacterial LPS
which egress from necrotic pulps into
periapical tissues and cause PA lesions
Not problematic if expressed out of the end of the canals
Place cotton pellets and cavit over
May stimulate apical root end closure
Cotton and Cavit (IRM)
Temporary Material
Nothing in the canal – simply trying to dry the canal completely.
Will use if canal is not infected anymore
Intracanal medicaments biological properties (5)
Antibacterial Enhance anesthesia (kill more plural tissue) Render canal conents inert Control persistent inflammation Control post-treatment pain
Intracanal medicaments limitations and side effects (5)
Intracanal environment Duration (time of being effective) Toxicity/allergy Distribution Taste/smell
Duration of formal creosol
May only work for a couple of weeks
Distributed by vapors
Want to place dried formal creosol cotton peletts in the canal to evaporate
Duration of calcium hydroxide
Every 3 months
Aldehydes
Formaldehydes
*Formocresol
Gluteraldehydes
Essential Oils
Eugenol
Eugenol
essential oil – OIL OF CLOVES
Inhibit nerve activity
Potent antimicrobial properties
Will usually place an IRM over eugenol
Halides
Potent bacterial or viral killers
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) Iodine
No significant difference in postoperative pain between the groups of medicaments
Most doctors just place a cotton pellet
No significant relationship between pain with the chemical agents used in endodontics
Pain during inter appointment was not due to endodontic agents
No significant difference was found in the flare up rate among the intracanal medicaments and contorls
.
Microorganisms need not be drowned!
.
Indications for placement of CaOH
Necrotic pulp
FOLLOWING straight line access and establishing MAF
Placement technique of CaOH
Powder mixed with glycerin - place with lento spiral
* NOT radio opaque
Syringe
* can get radio - opaque material
Prescription
An order for medication which is dispesed to or for an ultimate user
NOT dispensed for immediate adminstration to ultimate user
Controlled substance rules
Must be dated and signed ON DAY OF ISSUE Patient's full name and address Practitioner's full name, address, and DEA# Drug name Strenght Dosage Quantitiy prescribed Directions for use Number of refills Writtin in INK, INDELIBLE PENCIL, TYPED Manually signed
May not supply practitioner for GENERAL dispensing to patients.
Tor F
TRUE
Schedule II controlled substances
Require written prescription
No federal time limit to fill
No specific federal limits to quantities (states and insurance have limits)
Refills prohibited
Multiple prescritions (90 days) permitted
Facsimile (fax) prescriptions ok for PREP only – original prescription must be present for dispensing
Emergency phone prescription only for quantity to cover emergency period - provided original prescription received within seven days
Schedule III – V substances
Prescriptions for schedule III, IV, V may be oral, written, or faxed
Refills ok and by call in
Superscription
Patient’s name, address, date, and Rx
Inscription
name of drug, dose form, and quantity
Subscription
directions to pharmacist
Transcription
directions to patient
NSAIDS
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxyn – aleve
- ASA – aspirin
- Acetamenophen – tyelenol
PAIN
Narcotic/Opioids
PAIN
Codeine Oxycodone Hydroxodone Meperidine Popoxyphene
Steroids
PAIN
Corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory
Do not put on for a long time
Loading dose and decrease over a 5 day period
Antibiotics
INFECTION
Penicillins
Extended spectrum
Mycins
Benzodiaxepines
Muscle relaxants
FEAR / ANXIETY
Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Midazola, Triazolam, Larazepam
Carisoprodol, Cyclobenzaprine
Clindamycin
Use for penicillin allergic patients
May cause colon ulcerations
Take with yogurt
Augmentin
Amoxicillin
Globulonic acid
Azithromycin
penicilin allergic patients
Common anxiolytics
Balium
Librium
Muscle relaxants:
Soma
Flexeril
Tylenol with Codeine
30 mg of codeine
Lortab/Norco
Hydrocodon
mixed with tylenol
Percocet/Percodon
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