Medications and Conversions Flashcards
1 milligram (mg) = ___ micrograms (mcg)
1000
Reconstitution
adding a specific amount of diluent to the vial to change a power to a liquid
Six Steps of dimensional analysis
- What is ordered? 2. What is the question asking? 3. What do you have on hand? 4. Establish the unit path or conversion factors needed 5. Set up the problem to allow for cancellation of unwanted units 6. Multiply the numerators, multiply the denominators, and divide the numerator by the denominator.
1 gram (g) = ____ milligrams (mg)
1000
1 kilogram (kg) = ____ grams (g)
1000
1 kilogram (kg) = ____ pounds (lbs)
2.2
1 milliliter (mL) = ____ cc
1
1 liter (l) = ____ milliliters (mL)
1000
rounding up heuristics for dosage
.5 and above = round up .4 and below = round down
1 liter (l) = ___ quart or ___ ounces (oz)
1 quart or 32 ounces
1 teaspoon (tsp) = ___ milliliters (mL)
5
3 teaspoons (tsp) = ___ tablespoons (tblsp or tbsp)
1
1 tablespoon (tbsp) = ___ milliliters (mL)
15
1 ounce (oz) = ___ milliliters (mL)
30
1 grain (gr) = ___ milligrams (mg)
65
in 3 factor med dose problems, the numerator is
dosage of the medication
1000 mcg = __ mg
1
1000 mg = ___ g
1
1000 grams = ___ kg
1
2.2 pounds = __ kg
1
1 cc = ___ mL
1
1000 mL = __ L
1
1 quart or 32 oz = ___ L
1
5 mL = ___ tsp
1
1 tbsp = ___ tsp
3
15 mL = ___ tbsp
1
30 mL = ___ oz
1
65 mg = ___gr
1
Chemical name of a drug identifies
drug’s atomic and molecular structure
Trade name of a drug is the
brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug
Generic name of a drug is
assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug
Official name of a drug is
name by which the drug is identified in official publications USP and NF
The prescriber conveys medication plans to others by an order called a prescription. After the pharmacist prepares the medication, the nurse
administers the medication to the patient.
If an error is made when the order is written, the ___ or ____ administering the medication has the opportunity to note the discrepancy
pharmacist ; nurse
Types of orally administered medications
Capsule, pill, tablet, extended release, elixir, suspension, syrup
Types of topically administered medications
Liniment, lotion, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch
3 top methods of administration
oral topical injectable
What are the first and second identifiers for checking the identity of a patient?
First: Validating the patient’s name Second: Validating the patient’s identification number, medical record number, and/or birth date
6 factors affecting drug absorption
Route of administration Lipid solubility pH Blood flow Local conditions at site of administration Drug dosage
teratogenic
developmental considerations - means it may be passed from mother to fetus and cause a birth defect
Therapeutic range
the concentration of a drug within the blood stream that does not produce toxicity
Peak level
highest concentration of a drug within the plasma when absorption is complete
Trough level
when the drug is at its lowest concentration
Adverse drug effect
undesirable effect other than the intended therapeutic effect. i.e. constipation 2/2 morphine use
Allergic effect
an immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the administered medication as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug
Idiosyncratic effect
Also known as paradoxical effect is any unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even opposite of the expected response.
PRN order
as needed
Stat order
carried out immediately
Standing order (routine order)
carried out until cancelled by another order
Antagonist effect of drug interactions (example)
A drug-drug interaction is one that the combined effect of the two drugs is less than the effect of the one drug alone. Example: tetracycline and calcium supplements or calcium products. (calcium chelates)
Synergistic effect (example)
A drug-drug interaction that the combined effect of the two drugs are greater than that of the two drugs alone. Example: alcohol and barbiturates when taken together have a unbeneficial synergistic effect for increased nervous system depression
True or false: Only pain medications may be give to patients without a medication order from a licensed practitioner.
False
PRN
Pro Re Nata- : as the circumstances arises. More commonly “as needed”
PR
per rectum
NPO
Nil Per Os: nothing through the mouth
