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Bacpr > medications > Flashcards

medications Flashcards

1
Q

uses of diuretics

A

antihypertensives

coronary heart failure

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2
Q

how do diuretics work

-what happens to blood vessels

A

inhib aborsption of Na = less absorb of H2O

decrease pressure on blood vessels

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3
Q

diuretic’s effects on exercise

A

need to focus more on maintain hydration status

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4
Q

common drug names of diuretics

A
  • loop diuretics
  • thiazides
  • potassium sparing
  • aldosterone receptor blockers
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5
Q

use of beta blockers

A
  • antihypertensive

- antianginals

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6
Q

how do beta blockers work

A

-block beta receptors
sympathetic hormones act on these receptors to increase HR and BP
-if blocked it will lower HR and BP
-decrease load on heart

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7
Q

beta blocker’s effect on exercise

A
  • may decrease desire to exercise
  • CO may decrease or stay the same
  • BP decreases
  • may increase astma symptoms
  • HR decreases = <10% normal target HR so use RPE
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8
Q

common names of beta blockers

A

-anything ending in -olol

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9
Q

uses of calcium channel blockers

A
  • antihypertensive

- antianginal

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10
Q

how do calcium channel blockers work

A
  • block calcium from coming into cell wall
  • decrease contractility
  • relax cells = help relax stiff vessels
  • decrease BP= less work for heart = less O2 required = helps w/ ischemia
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11
Q

calcium channel blocker’s effect on exercise

A
  • exercise helps reduce side effects
  • HR: may decrease or stay same
  • BP: decreases
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12
Q

common names of calcium channel blockers

A
  • ends in -dipine

- verapamil

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13
Q

uses of nitrates

A
  • antianginals

- sometimes CHF for SOB

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14
Q

how do nitrates work

A

vasodialator

  • they are converted to NO (how endothelial cells vasodilate)
  • mostly pain reliever
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15
Q

nitrates effects on exercise

A
  • take 5-10 mins priot

- BP and HR can increase or stay the same

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16
Q

common names of nitrates

A
  • nitroglycerin

- nitro patch

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17
Q

uses of cardiac glycosides

A
  • treat CHF

- prevent supraventric dysrythmias

18
Q

how cardiac glycosides

A

increase intracell Ca

  • increased contraction speed and force
  • increase refractory period
19
Q

cardiac glycosides effects on exercise

A
  • dont over exercise someone w/ increased HR
  • decreased HR if afib or CHF
  • BP stays the same
20
Q

common names for cardiac glycosides

A
  • digoxin

- digitalis

21
Q

job of antiarrhythmics

A
  • correct abonormalities in electrical activity
  • decrease myocardial irritability
  • supress etopic stimuli, redirect electrical acivity back to correct node
22
Q

what does class IA antiarrhythmics treat

  • how does it work
  • common name
A
  • atrial and ventricular
  • increase action potential
  • Na channel blockers
  • quindine
23
Q

what does class IB antiarrhythmics treat

  • how does it work
  • common name
A
  • ventricular
  • decrease action portential
  • lidocaine
24
Q

what does IC antiarrhythmics treat

  • how does it work
  • common name
A
  • prevents afib
  • most potent class 1
  • no effect on action potential
  • propafenone
25
Q

what is an ACE inhibitor

A
  • angiostensin converting enzyme inhibitor

- these enzyomes conver angiostesin I to angio II which increase BP

26
Q

how do ACE inhibitors works

A
  • inhibit enzymes from converting angiostensin

- angio II increaes BP by increaing amount of salt and water retained by the body

27
Q

what are ACE inhibitors used to treat

A
  • hypertension
  • congestive heart failure
  • increase life span of CHF patients
28
Q

what effects on exercise do ACE inhibitors have?

A

decrease BP

-therefore BP wont increase with increased work load

29
Q

common names of ACE inhibitors

A

anything ending in -pril

30
Q

how do angiostensin II receptor blockers work

A
  • block action of angiostensin II

- causes vasodilation which decrease BP

31
Q

angiostensin II receptor blockers side effects on exercise

A
  • decrease BP

- should maintain normal HR

32
Q

what do anticoagulants help treat

A

thrombus formation

prevent clots, MI, stroke etc

33
Q

common anticoagulant meds

A

heparin

coumadin

34
Q

anticoagulants effect on exercise

A
  • excessive bleeding
  • muscle damage repairs
  • terrible brusing
35
Q

what are antiplatelets used to treat

A

prevent further thromboembolic events

36
Q

what side effects do antiplatelets have

A

no effect on HR, BP, CO, or EKG, or exercise capacity

37
Q

what do statins do?

A

lower cholesterol

  • decrease LDL, increase HDL
  • most effective drug fro treating CVD
38
Q

how do statins work?

A

inhib HMG-CoA reductase

-produces cholesterol in liver

39
Q

whar are some common statin drugs

A
  • lovastatin
  • simvastatin
  • niacin
40
Q

side effects of statins

A
  • leg cramos
  • jnt imflammation
  • liver toxicity

Bacpr (8 decks)

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