medications Flashcards
uses of diuretics
antihypertensives
coronary heart failure
how do diuretics work
-what happens to blood vessels
inhib aborsption of Na = less absorb of H2O
decrease pressure on blood vessels
diuretic’s effects on exercise
need to focus more on maintain hydration status
common drug names of diuretics
- loop diuretics
- thiazides
- potassium sparing
- aldosterone receptor blockers
use of beta blockers
- antihypertensive
- antianginals
how do beta blockers work
-block beta receptors
sympathetic hormones act on these receptors to increase HR and BP
-if blocked it will lower HR and BP
-decrease load on heart
beta blocker’s effect on exercise
- may decrease desire to exercise
- CO may decrease or stay the same
- BP decreases
- may increase astma symptoms
- HR decreases = <10% normal target HR so use RPE
common names of beta blockers
-anything ending in -olol
uses of calcium channel blockers
- antihypertensive
- antianginal
how do calcium channel blockers work
- block calcium from coming into cell wall
- decrease contractility
- relax cells = help relax stiff vessels
- decrease BP= less work for heart = less O2 required = helps w/ ischemia
calcium channel blocker’s effect on exercise
- exercise helps reduce side effects
- HR: may decrease or stay same
- BP: decreases
common names of calcium channel blockers
- ends in -dipine
- verapamil
uses of nitrates
- antianginals
- sometimes CHF for SOB
how do nitrates work
vasodialator
- they are converted to NO (how endothelial cells vasodilate)
- mostly pain reliever
nitrates effects on exercise
- take 5-10 mins priot
- BP and HR can increase or stay the same
common names of nitrates
- nitroglycerin
- nitro patch
uses of cardiac glycosides
- treat CHF
- prevent supraventric dysrythmias
how cardiac glycosides
increase intracell Ca
- increased contraction speed and force
- increase refractory period
cardiac glycosides effects on exercise
- dont over exercise someone w/ increased HR
- decreased HR if afib or CHF
- BP stays the same
common names for cardiac glycosides
- digoxin
- digitalis
job of antiarrhythmics
- correct abonormalities in electrical activity
- decrease myocardial irritability
- supress etopic stimuli, redirect electrical acivity back to correct node
what does class IA antiarrhythmics treat
- how does it work
- common name
- atrial and ventricular
- increase action potential
- Na channel blockers
- quindine
what does class IB antiarrhythmics treat
- how does it work
- common name
- ventricular
- decrease action portential
- lidocaine
what does IC antiarrhythmics treat
- how does it work
- common name
- prevents afib
- most potent class 1
- no effect on action potential
- propafenone
what is an ACE inhibitor
- angiostensin converting enzyme inhibitor
- these enzyomes conver angiostesin I to angio II which increase BP
how do ACE inhibitors works
- inhibit enzymes from converting angiostensin
- angio II increaes BP by increaing amount of salt and water retained by the body
what are ACE inhibitors used to treat
- hypertension
- congestive heart failure
- increase life span of CHF patients
what effects on exercise do ACE inhibitors have?
decrease BP
-therefore BP wont increase with increased work load
common names of ACE inhibitors
anything ending in -pril
how do angiostensin II receptor blockers work
- block action of angiostensin II
- causes vasodilation which decrease BP
angiostensin II receptor blockers side effects on exercise
- decrease BP
- should maintain normal HR
what do anticoagulants help treat
thrombus formation
prevent clots, MI, stroke etc
common anticoagulant meds
heparin
coumadin
anticoagulants effect on exercise
- excessive bleeding
- muscle damage repairs
- terrible brusing
what are antiplatelets used to treat
prevent further thromboembolic events
what side effects do antiplatelets have
no effect on HR, BP, CO, or EKG, or exercise capacity
what do statins do?
lower cholesterol
- decrease LDL, increase HDL
- most effective drug fro treating CVD
how do statins work?
inhib HMG-CoA reductase
-produces cholesterol in liver
whar are some common statin drugs
- lovastatin
- simvastatin
- niacin
side effects of statins
- leg cramos
- jnt imflammation
- liver toxicity
