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NCLEX > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Anticonvulsants

  • Dilantin
  • Phenobarbital
  • Depakote
  • Tegretol
  • Klonopin
A
  • prevention of seizures (CNS depressant)
  • decreases Ca+ and Na+ flow across neuronal membranes

S/E

  • respiratory depression
  • aplastic anemia
  • gingival hypertrophy
  • ataxia, drowsiness

NSG:

  • Do not D/C abrubtly
  • Monitor I/O
  • caution w medsthat lower threshhold (MAOI, antidpressants)
  • take with food
  • urine may be pink/brown
  • Dilantin: IV admin too quick will cause cardiac arrest, turns urine pink, do not mix with any other med
  • Mg sulfate: asses deep tendon reflexes, respiratory arrest potential
  • Depakote: no carbonated beverages
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2
Q

MAOI’s

  • Nardil
  • Parnate
  • Marplan

two-syllable

A

Anti-depressant

  • lower incidence of sedation and anti-cholinergic side effects
  • avoid foods with tyramine
  • may result in hypertensive crisis
  • cannot use with any other MAOI, cyclic, Demerol, CNS depressants, anesthestics, many antihypertensives
  • photosensitivity
  • take 4 weeks
  • do not take w cold meds, stimulants

Food containing tyramine:

  • aged cheese, aged meats, liver, wine
  • fava beans, tofu, herring
  • overripe fruit, avocado, bananas
  • sauerkraut, tap beer, yogurt, peanuts

Hypertensive crisis

  • severe headache, palpitations
  • diaphoretic, stiff neck
  • potenital for intercranial hemmorhage
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3
Q

SSRI’s

  • Prozac
  • Paxil
  • Zoloft
  • Celexa
  • Lexapro
  • Luvox
A

Anti-depressant

  • depression
  • OCD
  • bulimia

Side effects:

  • anxiety, agaitiation, akathisia
  • nausea, insomnia
  • GI upset, appetite change, wt gain
  • urinary retention, bowel function change

Nsg:

  • sucide precautions (ask yes/no questions)
  • takes 4 weeks
  • take in am
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4
Q

Tricyclics

  • Elavil
  • Tofranil
  • Norpramin
  • -ine (generics)
A

Antidepressant

  • depression
  • sleep apnea

Side efffects:

  • wt gain, sexual dysfunction
  • sedation, confusion
  • anticholinergic effects
  • postural hypotension, tachycardia

Nsg:

  • monitor for suicide
  • 2-6 weeks to work
  • take before sleep
  • monitor VS
  • use sunscreen
  • if stopped abruptly: headaches, vertigo, rapid wt change
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5
Q

Heterocyclics

  • Wellbutrin
  • Trazadone
A

Uses:

  • depression
  • smoking cessation

Side effects:

  • wellbutrin: agitation
  • trazadone: sedation

Nsg:

  • avoid alchohol
  • avoid CNS depressants
  • wean off slowly
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6
Q

Rapid acting insulin

  • Novolog
  • Apidra
  • Humalog
A
  • Onset: 15 min
  • Peak: 30-90 min
  • duration 3-5 hrs
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7
Q

Short acting insulin

  • Humulin R (generic: regular)
  • Novolin R
A

Short acting

  • regular, humulin R
  • novolin R
  • onset: 30-60 min
  • peak: 2-4 hrs
  • duration: 5-8 hrs
  • sub-q
  • regular: only insulin that can be given IV
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8
Q

Intermediate Insulin

  • Humulin N (generic: NPH)
  • Novolin N
A

Intermediate acting

  • NPH, Humulin N
  • Novolin N
  • Onset 2 hrs
  • Peak: 6-12 hrs
  • Duration: 12-16
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9
Q

Long acting insulin

  • Levemir
  • Lantus
A
  • Onset: 1 hr
  • Peakless
  • 20-26 hrs
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10
Q

Pre-mixed NPH (70/30)

Combo of intermediate and short acting (regular)

A
  • 70% NPH
  • 30% regular
  • onset: 30-60 min
  • peak: varies 2-12 hrs
  • duration 10-16 hrs
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11
Q

Oral hypoglycemics

  • Acarbose
  • Glyset
A

Action:

-slows carbohydraate absorption/digestion

Contra:

  • intestinal disease due to increased flatulence
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12
Q

Oral DM Meds

Metformin

A

Uses:

  1. reduces gluconeogenisis
  2. increases uptake of glucose by muscles

NSG:

  • W/hold 48 hr prior/post test with contrast

Contra:

  1. severe infection
  2. shock
  3. hypoxic conditions
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13
Q

Oral hypoglycemic:

Januvia

A

Action:

  1. Promotes release of insulin
  2. Lowers glucagon secretions
  3. Slows gastric emptying

Nsg:

  • use caution w/ renal impariment
  • lower dose
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14
Q

Oral hypoglycemic:

  1. Prandin
  2. Starlix
A

Action:

  1. supreses gluconeogenesis in liver
  2. increases muscle uptake/use of glucose

Nsg:

Do not mix with NPH insulin due to angina

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15
Q

Oral hypoglycemic:

Sulfonylreas

  • glipizide
  • glyburide
A

Action:

Promotes release of insulin from pancreas

Nsg:

Very high risk of hypoglycemia in disorders w/:

  • renal
  • hepatic
  • adrenal

Sulfonylreas: Highest risk of hypoglycemia

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16
Q

Oral hypoglycemics:

Actos

Avandia

A

Action:

Decrease insulin resistance

Nsg:

High risk of CHF due to fluid retention

17
Q

SIde effects of hypoglyvemic oral agents

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • allergic skin reactions
  • GI upset
  • hypotension
  • bronchospasm

Nsg:

  • take before breakfast
  • moniotr BG levels
  • no alchohol

Increase effectiveness of meds: may casue hypoglycemia:

  • aspirin
  • sulfanomides
  • alcohol
  • oral BC pills
  • MAOI’s

:

18
Q

Treating hypoglycemia

A
  • glucagon

may repeat in 15 min

give carbs orally to prevent secondaty hypoglycemic reactions

19
Q

Antidiarrheals

  • Kaopectate
  • Lomotil
  • Imodium
A
  • slows paristalsis
  • increases tone of sphincter

S/E:

  • constipation
  • antichoiilnergic s/e

Nsg:

  • do not use with abdominal pain
  • monitor urinary retention
  • give 2 before or 3 h after other meds
  • encourage fluids
20
Q

Antiemtics

  • phenergan
  • reglan
  • zofran
  • tigan
  • marinol
A
  • increase GI motiltiy, reduces vomiting

S/E:

  • sedation
  • anticholinergic s/e

Nsg:

  • before chemo
  • may cause Rye’s syndrome when used in conjunction with viral infections
21
Q

Antifungals

  • fungizone (Amphotericin B)
  • mycostatin
A
  • impairs cell membrane

Uses:

  • candidiasis
  • oral thrush
  • histoplasmosis

S/E:

  • heptotoxicity
  • thrombocytopenia: bleeding risk
  • leuokopenia: infection risk
  • pruitis

Nsg:

  • give with food
  • monitor LFT’s
  • oral care
22
Q

Antigout Meds

  • allopurinol
  • colchine (acute phases only)
  • probenacid (increases action of Cipro) (chronic)
A

-decreases production and resorption of uric acid

S/E:

  • agranulocytosis
  • GI upset
  • renal calculi

Nsg:

  • monitor for renal calculi
  • give w milk/food, anatacids
  • -encourage fluids
23
Q

Antihistamines

  • chlor-trimeton
  • benadryl
  • phenergan
  • loratadine
A
  • allergic rhinitis
  • blood alergies

S/E:

  • drowsiness
  • anticholinergic se
  • photsnesitvity
  • -w/ food
  • use sunscreen
  • assess respiration
  • mouth care
24
Q

antihyperlipidemic meds

-lower cholesterol

  • Lipitor (stain)
  • Prstor (statin)
  • Questran (ocks absorptif cholesterol_
A
  • elevated LDL
  • cardiovasular disease
  • statins inhibit sythesis of chlesterol

S/E:

  • constipation
  • fat-soluble vitamin deficinecy
  • take 30 min ac or take at hs
  • adminsiter 1hr before meds
  • or 4-6 hrs after meds
  • DO NOT COMBINE W OTHER MEDS
    *
25
Q

K+ increasing meds

K-BANK

A
  • K+ sparing diuretic
  • beta blockers
  • ace inhibitors
  • NSAID’s
  • K supplements
26
Q

Anti-hypertensives

ACE inhibitors:

(pril/ all hctz)

  • benazepril
  • lisinopril
  • quinapril
  • enalapril
A
  • A= arteries
  • effect arteries in body by blocking vasoconstricttion
  • blocks ACE in lungs

vasodilators

  • HTN
  • CHF

S/E:

  • GI upset
  • orto hypotension
  • dizziness
  • lethargy at firt, goes away
  • change position slowly

Nsg:

-give 1 hr ac of 3 hr pc

27
Q

Beta blockers

(olol)

  • atenolol
  • nadolol
  • propranolol
A

B=Beats (heart)

  • slows heart rate
  • decreases oxygen consumption
  • used for HTN, angina SVT (supraventriculartachycardia)

S/E:

  • slows HR
  • hypotension
  • bronchospasm (B=broncospasm)

Nsg:

  • may masks signs of shock/hypoglycemia (caution w DM)
  • take with food
  • don not stop abruptly
  • not as effective with blacks
28
Q

Antihypertensive

Ca+ channel blockers

(ipines)

  • procardia (nifedipine)
  • calan
  • cardizem
  • norvasc (amlodipine)
A
  • slows movement of Ca+ into smooth muscle
  • aterial dialtion
  • decreased BP

Uses:

  • angina
  • HTN
  • interstitial cystitis
  • Afib,flutter, SVT (Calan/Cardizem only)

S/E:

  • ortho hypotension
  • renal failure
  • angioedema
  • peripheral edema
  • constipation

Contra:

  • caution w digoxin and beta blockers
  • heart failure, block, brady
  • no grapefruit
  • do not open/crush, etc
29
Q

Antihypertensives

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

(sartan)

  • losartan
  • valsartan
  • irbesartan
A
  • blocks vasocontriction and aldosterone effects
  • vasodilator

Uses:

  • HTN
  • heart failure
  • MI
  • diabetic neurapthy
  • stroke prevention

S/E:

  • hypotension
  • dizziness
  • GI distress
  • do not chew, break open SR’s
30
Q

Antihypertensives

Alpha1 adrenergic blockers

(zosin)

  • doxazosin
  • prazosin
A
  • peripheral vasodilation
  • lowers B/P

Uses:

  • primary HTN
  • BPH (doxazosin)

S/E:

  • reflex tachycardia
  • orthostatic hypotension/snycope
  • nasal congestion

Nsg:

  • 1st dose hs to avoid fainting
  • renal: monitor BUN, weight, edema
31
Q

Antihypertensives

Centrally acting Alpha-2 agonists

  • clonidine
  • guanfacine
  • methyldopa
A
  • reduce peripheral vascular resistance
  • reduce HR and BP

Uses:

  • HTN
  • hypertensive crisis
  • severe cancer pain

S/E:

  • ortho hypotension
  • sedation
  • dry mouth
  • leukopenia
  • black/sore tongue

Nsg:

  • take at hs
  • do not stop abruptly
  • monitor for fluid retention
  • may be used with other anti-HTH meds
  • contra: MAOI’s, anticoags, hepatic failure
  • do not use during lactation
32
Q

Antihypertensives

Direct acting vasodilators

  • apresoline
  • minoxidil
A
  • relaxes smooth msucle peripherally
  • HTN

S/E:

  • tachycarida
  • used with beta blockers
  • increase in body hair
  • check pulse for brady
33
Q

Bipolar meds

  • lithium
  • tegretol
  • depakote (anti-convuslant)
A

reduces catecholamine relaese

Uses:

  • manic episodes
  • GI upset
  • polydipsia/polyuria
  • with meals
  • tremors

Lithium (salt)

  • frequent doasge change
  • range: 1.0-2.0
  • blood drawn q2-3 wekks
  • encourage fluids (3000 mL)
  • monitor Na levels, kidneys
  • NSAIDS/aspirin increase levels

Tegretol/Depakote

mood stabilizer

given over entire cascde (manic/depressive)

kidney functions (BUN/LFTS)

34
Q

Antineoplastics

A
  • work on rapidly producing cells
  • hair
  • mucous membranes
  • blood
35
Q

Chemo Meds

Alkylating agents

busulfan

cyclophosphamide

A

uses:

  • leukemia
  • multiple myleoma

S/E:

  • hepatoxicity
  • bone marrow supresssion
  • neutropenia/leukopenia/thromboctopneia
  • bleeding, ecchymossis, epitaxis
  • N&V, stomatitis,anorexia, diarrhea
  • alopecia, infertiltiy

Nsg:

  • WBC count
  • limit visitors
  • force fluids
  • mouth/skin care
36
Q

Chemo Meds

Antimetabolites

  • 5-FU (flourouracil)
  • methotrexate
A
  • acute lymphatic leukemia
  • cancer of colon
  • breast
  • pancreas

S/E:

  • N&V (stimulates vomiting center)
  • oral ulceration
  • bone marrow suppression
  • alopecia

Nsg:

  • monitor hematopoietic function
  • mouth care
  • body image changes
  • infection risk
  • SOB
  • air hunger
  • bleeding
37
Q

Chemo Meds

Antitumor antibiotics

  • Adriamycin
  • Bleomycin
  • Actinomycin D
A

All cancers

S/E:

  • bone marrow suppression
  • alopecia
  • antiemitic meds prophylaxis
  • O2 consumpotion (not eneogh RBC’s to carry O2)

NCLEX (4 decks)

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