Medications Flashcards
Certriaxone
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions
Dose
Description: 3rd Gen cephalosporin broad spectrum antibiotic
Indications: suspected meningococcal septicaemia, severe sepsis, community acquired pneumonia and neisseria gonorrhoea, other suspected infectious states such as UTI.
Pharmacokinetics: onset 2-4 hrs, peak effects 12-24 hrs, duration up to 48 hrs
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Adverse Effects: hypersensitivity, GI complaints, pain and discomfort at injection site
Precautions: do not dilute or co-administer with calcium containing solutions. can be combined with lignocaine to reduce injection site pain. Not effective against skin infections from staphylococcus aureus, many GI infections or organisms which have developed established resistance. patients who are allergic to penicillin based antibiotics may have cross sensitivity
Dose: 1gm IV/IO/IM
Benzyl Penicillin
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: Broad spectrum beta lactam antibiotic
Indications: Suspected meningococcal septicaemia, neisseria gonorrhoea, other suspected infectious states such as bacterial endocarditis or cellulitis
Pharmacokinetics: onset 2-4hrs, peak effect 12-24hrs, up to 48hrs
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to penicillin
Adverse Effects: allergic reactions, diarrhoea, and pain/discomfort at injection site
Precautions: can be combined with lignocaine to reduce injection site pain
Dose: adult 1200 mg IM
Metoclopramide
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: Dopamine 2 receptor antagonist
Indications: nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis
Pharmacokinetics: Onset IV 1-5 mins, IM <15 mins, peak effect 1-2 hrs, duration 1-2 hrs
Contraindications: dystonia, intestinal bleeding, bowel obstruction or perforation, Parkinson’s disease, pheochromocytoma, renal colic, hypersensitivity metaclopramide
Adverse Effects: extrapyramidal side effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, drowsiness, sedation, weakness, dizziness, mental depression, hyper or hypotension, tachy or bradycardia, diarrhoea
Precautions: may not be effective if patient already vomiting. caution elderly or renal. may potentiate the effects of CNS depressants
Dose: adult 10mg IV/IO over 1-2mins (repeat 5-15 to max of 0.5mg/kg) 10-20mg IM (repeatable to max 20mg)
Ondanzatron
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: antiemetic
Indications: nausea and vomiting
Pharmacokinetics: onset IV < 3 mins IM < 15 mins, peak effect < 15 mins, duration 1 - 4 hrs
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ondansetron or other 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Adverse Effects: hypotension, constipation, headache, tachycardia and seizures
Precautions: rarely associated with prolongation of the QT interval. alternatives include tropisetron or granisetron
Dose: adult 4mg IV/IM/IO or 4-8 mg PO wafer
Prochloroperazine
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: Antiemetic and antipsychotic (phenothiazine)
Indications: nausea and vomiting, motion sickness and vertigo
Pharmacokinetics: onset 20 mins, peak effects 40 mins, duration 6 hrs
Contraindications: hypotension, shock, AMS, hypersensitivity to prochloroperazine or other phenothiazines
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, sedation, confusion, headache, hypotension, tachycardia
Precautions: NOT FOR IV, caution epilepsy. caution co-administer with other CNS depressants
Dose: adult 12.5 mg IM
Saline
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Hartmans IV
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Morphine
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: Narcotic analgesic
Indications: mod-severe pain, AMI, sedation (in combo)
Pharmacokinetics: onset IV 1-3 mins IM <10 mins, peak <20 mins, duration up to 4 hrs.
Contraindications: active labour, symptomatic hypotension, hypersensitivity opiates
Adverse Effects: nausea, vomiting, hypotension, abdo cramps, constipation, blurred vision, miosis, altered MS, respiratory depression, euphoria, headache
Precautions: caution multi-system trauma, head injury, altered MS, geriatric, paediatric, renal or hepatic patients. cumulative action, interacts with antihistamines, sedatives, hypnotics, alcohol and many other drugs
Dose: (adult) 0.1 mg/kg, usually 2-5 mg/min titrated to effect. (ave. 2.5-5 mg) max single dose 20mg. repeatable 5-10mins
Fentanyl
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: synthetic narcotic analgesic
Indications: mod-severe pain, sedation
Pharmacokinetics: onset IV/IN < 3 mins IM < 8 mins, peak effects 5-15 mins, duration IV/IN 30-60 mins IM up to 2 hrs
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to fentanyl or other phgenylpiperidines
Adverse Effects: nausea, vomiting, hypotension, abdo cramps, constipation, blurred vision, miosis, AMS, respiratory depression, euphoria, thoracic muscle rigidity, headache
Precautions: hypersensitive to other opiates, multi-system trauma, active labour, head injury, haemodynamic compromise, geriatric, paediatric, renal or hepatic. Cumulative action, inter react with antihistamines, sedatives, hypnotics, alcohol, other drugs.
Dose: 25-100 microg IV/IM/IO
180-240 microg IN
2-10 microg/km IV/IM/IO
Oral Glucose
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: water soluble monosaccharide
Indications: Hypoglycaemia
Pharmacokinetics: onset < 15 mins, peak effects < 15 mins, duration variable
Contraindications: Altered mental status/ decreased LOC
Adverse Effects: worsen hyperglycaemia
Precautions: risk of aspiration
Dose: (adult) 15 gm gel
Glucagon
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: Hormone
Indications: Hypoglycaemia, Beta blocker overdose
Pharmacokinetics: onset 5-30 mins, peak effect 10-30 mins, duration <2hrs
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to glucagon or lactose, pheochromocytoma
Adverse Effects: Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia
Precautions: only beneficial if liver has sufficient glycogen stores
Dose: (adult) hypoglycaemia: 1 mg IM (repeat if necessary)
10% Dextrose
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: water soluble monosaccharide
Indications: Hypoglycaemia
Pharmacokinetics: onset < 30 secs, peak effect < 30 seconds, duration variable
Contraindications: none
Adverse Effects: worsen hyperglycaemia
Precautions: may cause tissue necrosis if extravastation occurs, alcoholic/ thyamine deficiency, called “D10”
Dose: (adult) 10-15 gm IV
Midazolam
Description Indications Pharmacokinetics Contraindications Adverse Effects Precautions Dose
Description: benzodiazepine
Indications: seizure, sedation, induction, patient management and aggression, adjunct with analgesic for severe injuries
Pharmacokinetics: onset IV < 1 min IM < 10 mins, peak effects 10-30 mins, duration <2 hrs
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, symptomatic hypotension, shock
Adverse Effects: resp depression, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, confusion, nausea, hypotension, sedation, amnesia, slurred speech
Precautions: caution pregnancy, alcohol intoxication, AMS, glaucoma
Dose: adult 1.25 to 5 mg IV/IO over 1 min, 2.5- 10 mg IM, 10 - 15 mg IN repeatable to max dose of 15mg/hr.
