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Pharmacology > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Antacids

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: Aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium

Side effects: aluminum causes constipation, magnesium causes diarrhea

Nursing: avoid foods that cause GI distress

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2
Q

Constipation Medications

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: Docusate sodium, bisacodyl, sennakot, milk of magnesia, psyllium

Side Effects: Cramps, fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Nursing: administer at bedtime, increase fluid intake, contraindicated for patients with nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain or GI obstruction

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3
Q

Antiemetics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: ondansetron

Side Effects: headache, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea

Nursing: give 30 to 60 minutes before chemo, avoid alcohol

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4
Q

Opioid Analgesics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone, methadone

Side Effects: decreased respiration rate, hypotension, sedation, constipation, nausea (tolerance develops quickly and nausea doesn’t last), drowsiness

Nursing: Monitor for respiratory depression (keep naloxone available), topical pain meds- wait 30 minutes before washing hands

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5
Q

Opioid Antagonists

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: naloxone

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, v-fib

Nursing: Monitor for opioid withdrawal

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6
Q

Diuretics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: loop- furosemide, bumetanide
Thiazides- hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone
K sparring- spironolactone

Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, hypokalemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, ototoxicity, muscle weakness thiazides- avoid licorice

Nursing: monitor K level, give in morning, change position slowly, add fiber in diet

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7
Q

Antisecretory agents

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples:
Histamine 2 Antagonists (dine)- famotidine, ranitidine
PPI (zole)- omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole

Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache

Nursing: May increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin, administer 1 to 2 hours before or after antacids

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8
Q

Antituberculars

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: rifapentine, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol

Side Effects: hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, optic neuritis

Nursing: take with meals, rifampin will produce orange colored secretions/urine, avoid aluminum containing antacids within 1 hour of isoniazid, oral contraceptives aren’t as efficient

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9
Q

Antivirals

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: acyclovir, oseltamivir

Side Effects: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, vaginitis

Nursing: c and s needed before giving meds

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10
Q

Analgesics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples:
Analgesics- acetaminophen
NSAIDs- ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac

Side Effects: hepatic toxicity, tinnitus, fluid retention, rash, flu like symptoms

Nursing: For acetaminophen do not exceed 4g/24 hours, monitor for GI bleed, avoid alcohol

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11
Q

Antidiarrheals

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: loperamide, diphenoxylate HCl

Side Effects: tachycardia, respiratory depression, ileus, dehydration

Nursing: Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalances

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12
Q

Antifungals

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: nystatin, clotrimazole

Side Effects: renal/liver/ototoxicity, teratogenic, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Nursing: complete full regimen

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13
Q

Antihistamines

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: diphenhydramine, loratadine

Side Effects: “desert” effects, can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t shit, sedation

Nursing: administer with food, gum and hard candy encouraged, contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma

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13
Q

Antilipidemics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, constipation, hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, muscle weakness

Nursing: avoid grapefruit juice, monitor liver enzymes, take with evening meal

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13
Q

Hypoglycemics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: metformin, glimepiride, glipizide, glybyride, repaglinide

Side Effects: hypoglycemia

Nursing: monitor for hypoglycemia

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14
Q

Sedatives

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples:
Benzodiazepines (pam)- lorazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, clonazepam
Nonbarbiturates- buspirone, diphenhydramine, zolpidem

Side Effects: hypotension, sedation, dizziness, headache, euphoria

Nursing: avoid alcohol and caffeine

15
Q

Bronchodilators

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: theophylline, ipratropium, montelukast, budesonide, fluticasone

Side Effects: Tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, urinary retention

Nursing: rinse mouth after, increase fluid intake

16
Q

Antibiotics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: gentamicin, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, metronidazole

Side Effects: Hypersensitivity reactions, rash, anaphylaxis

Nursing: culture and sensitivity first, assess for hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, tell patient to finish medication completely

17
Q

Anticoagulants

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, clopidogrel

Side Effects: excessive bleeding, thrombocytopenia

Nursing: monitor PT/PTT/INR, notify MD of bleeding

18
Q

Antihypertensives

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples:
Ace inhibitors (pril)- lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril
ARB (tan)-losartan, irbesartan, valsartan
BB (olol)-metroprolol, carvedilol, labetalol
CCB (amil)-amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem

Side Effects:
ACE- cough, hyperkalemia, teratogenic, angioedema
ARB- hyperkalemia, teratogenic
BB- affect HR, nonselective, depression, erectile dysfunction
CCB- dizziness, flushing, headache, edema, constipation, affect HR, no grapefruit

Nursing: tell patient to never stop abruptly, assessed for increased fluid volume, monitor blood pressure and heart rate

19
Q

Antineoplastics

Examples:
Side Effects:

A

Examples: methotrexate, carboplatin, cisplatin, fluorouracil

Side Effects: renal problems, GI issues, skin issues, ototoxicity, alopecia

20
Q

Factor Xa Inhibitors

Examples:
Nursing:

A

Examples (end in xaban): rivaroxaban, edoxaban

Nursing: not affected by vitamin K, routine monitoring of clotting not necessary, increase risk of intracranial bleeding, avoid taking over the counter medications that increase bleeding risk (NSAIDs, garlic, ginger)

21
Q

Thrombolytics

Examples:
Nursing:

A

Examples (plase): alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase

Nursing: contraindicated in active bleeds, trauma, recent aneurysm, hemorrhagic stroke, uncontrolled hypertension

22
Q

Hypothyroid Medications

Examples:
Nursing:

A

Examples: levothyroxine
Nursing: don’t take with antacids, calcium or iron. Take on empty stomach in the morning, separate from other meds.

23
Q

Antiarrhythmics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: amiodarone

Side Effects: pulmonary toxicity

Nursing: monitor for cough

24
Q

Digoxin

Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Side Effects: bradycardia

Nursing: monitor Kidney levels, monitor K, don’t eat a lot of K

25
Q

Antidepressants

Examples:
Side Effects:

A 
Examples: 
MAOIs- phenelzine, tranylcypromine
Serotonin modulator- trazadone
SSRI- fluoxetine, escitalopram
Tricyclics- amitryptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, imipramine

Side Effects:
MAOIs- no aged products, restrict tyramine products
Serotonin modulator- prolonged erection, hypotension, take at night, don’t drink
SSRI- don’t take with MAOIs, sexual dysfunction
Tricyclics- orthostatic hypotension, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, confusion, photosensitivity

26
Q

Antipsychotic

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples:
Typical: haloperidol, fluphenazine
Atypical: olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone hydrochloride

Side Effects:
Typical: arrhythmias, NMS- fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status
Atypical: orthostatic hypotension, NMS- fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status

Nursing:

27
Q

Antiplatelets

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, aspirin

Side Effects: bleeds

Nursing: contraindicated in peptic ulcers, intracranial hemorrhages, active bleeding, don’t take Ginkgo

28
Q

Lithium

Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Side Effects: dry mouth, thirst
Toxicity: GI issues, neuro issues

Nursing: drink fluids, don’t limit salt

29
Q

Stimulants

Examples:
Side Effects:

A

Examples: methylphenidate, amphetamines

Side Effects: weight loss, hypertension, tachycardia, tics, restlessness, insomnia, addiction

30
Q

Anticonvulsants

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

A

Examples: levetiracetam, phenytoin

Side Effects: drowsiness (improves in 4-6 weeks, suicidal ideation, Steven Johnson syndrome

Nursing: avoid alcohol, feedings affect absorption of phenytoin

31
Q

Carbidopa-levodopa

Side Effects:

A

Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension, secretion discoloration, avoid high protein meals, takes several weeks to kick in

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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