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EMS Protocols 2015 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the class of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Antiarrhythmic

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2
Q

What is the action of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Slows AV conduction

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3
Q

What is the indication for Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Tachycardia

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4
Q

What are the 3 contraindications for Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
  3. Sick-sinus syndrome
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5
Q

What are the precautions for Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A
  1. Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG should be monitored
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6
Q

What are the 5 side effects of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A
  1. Facial flushing
  2. Headache
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Dizziness
  5. Nausea
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7
Q

What is the class of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A

Sympathomimetic (Beta2 selective)

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8
Q

What is the action of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A

Bronchodilation

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9
Q

What is the indication for Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A

Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD or asthma

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10
Q

What is are the 2 contraindications of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug

2. Symptomatic tachycardia

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11
Q

What are the 2 precautions for Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A
  1. Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG should be monitored

2. Use caution in pts with known heart disease

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12
Q

What are the 5 side effects of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Anxiety
  3. Headache
  4. Dizziness
  5. Sweating
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13
Q

What is the class of Alcaine?

A

Topical anesthic

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14
Q

What are the actions of Alcaine?

A

Anesthitizes globe of eyeball
Onset thirty seconds
Duration 15 minutes

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15
Q

What are the 3 indications for Alcaine?

A
  1. Prior to irrigation to remove foreign objects
  2. Burns
  3. Eye pain secondary to injury
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16
Q

What are the 2 contraindications for Alcaine?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug or “caine” drugs

2. Lacerations or global penetrations are present or suspected

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17
Q

What are the 2 side effects for Alcaine?

A
  1. Stinging

2. Irritation

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18
Q

What is the class of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Antiarrhythmic

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19
Q

What are the 4 actions of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A
  1. Prolongs action potential and refractory period
  2. Slows the sinus rate
  3. Increases PR and QT intervals
  4. Decreases peripheral vascular resistance
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20
Q

What is the indication for Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias

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21
Q

What are the 5 contraindications for Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Severe sinus node dysfunction
  3. Sinus bradycardia
  4. 2nd and 3rd degree block
  5. Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
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22
Q

What are the 8 side effects of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Nausea
  3. Anorexia
  4. Malaise
  5. Fatigue
  6. Tremors
  7. Pulmonary toxicity
  8. Ventricular escape beats
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23
Q

What is the precaution of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Do NOT shake this medication

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24
Q

What is the class of Aspirin?

A

Platelet inhibitor/ anti-inflammatory

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25
Q

What is the action of Aspirin?

A

Blocks platelet aggregation

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26
Q

What are the 3 indications for Aspirin?

A
  1. Cardiac chest pain
  2. AMI
  3. Signs and symptoms suggestive or recent CVA
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27
Q

What are the 3 contraindications for Aspirin?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Significant ulcers disease
  3. GI bleeding
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28
Q

What are 3 precautions for Aspiring?

A
  1. Avoid head injury pts
  2. Avoid possible hemorrhagic CVA
  3. Avoid those with potential sites of bleeding
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29
Q

What are 4 side effects of Aspirin?

A
  1. Heartburn
  2. Nausea
  3. Vomiting
  4. Wheezing
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30
Q

What is the class of Atropine?

A

Para-sympatholytic (anticholinergic)

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31
Q

What are the 3 actions of Atropine?

A
  1. Blocks acetylcholine receptors
  2. Increases heart rate
  3. Decreases gastrointestinal secretions
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32
Q

What 4 indications for Atropine?

A
  1. Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
  2. Hypotension secondary to bradycardia
  3. Organophosphate poisoning
  4. Pediatric RSI
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33
Q

What is the contraindication for Atropine?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

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34
Q

What are the precautions for Atropine?

A

None when used in the emergency setting

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35
Q

What are the 8 side effects of Atropine?

A
  1. Palpitations and tachycardia
  2. Headache
  3. Dizziness
  4. Anxiety
  5. Dry mouth
  6. Pupillary dilation
  7. Blurred vision
  8. Urinary retention
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36
Q

What is the class of Calcium Gluconate?

A

Electrolyte

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37
Q

What is the action of Calcium Gluconate?

A

Increases cardiac contractility

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38
Q

What is the indication for Calcium Gluconate?

A

Acute hyperkalemia

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39
Q

What is the contraindication for Calcium Gluconate?

A

Pts receiving digitalis

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40
Q

What are the 2 precautions for Calcium Gluconate?

A
  1. IV line should be flushed between calcium and sodium bicarbonate administration
  2. Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis
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41
Q

What are the 2 side effects of Calcium Gluconate?

A
  1. Arrhythmias (bradycardia and asystole)

2. Hypotension

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42
Q

What is the indication for the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?

A

Treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning

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43
Q

What is the contraindication for the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?

A

Use caution in the management of pts with known anaphylactic reactions to hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin

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44
Q

What are the 11 side effects of the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?

A
  1. Chromaturia
  2. Allergic reaction
  3. Erythema
  4. Rash (acneiform)
  5. Nausea
  6. Headache
  7. Decreased lymphocyte percentage
  8. Hypertension
  9. Chest tightness
  10. Edema
  11. Injection site reactions
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45
Q

What are 3 precautions for the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?

A
  1. Pregnancy Category C and should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk
  2. Usage may interfere with some clinical laboratory evaluations
  3. Due to potential photosensitivity pts should avoid direct sun until erythema resolves
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46
Q

What is the Class of Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?

A

Carbohydrate

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47
Q

What is the action of Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?

A

Elevates blood glucose level rapidly

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48
Q

What is the indication for Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?

A

Hypoglycemia

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49
Q

What is the contraindication for Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?

A

None in the emergency settin

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50
Q

What is the precaution for Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?

A

A blood sample should be drawn before administering 50% dextrose

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51
Q

What is the side effect of Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?

A

Local venous irritation

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52
Q

What is the class of Diltiazem (Cardizem)?

A

Calcium channel blocker

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53
Q

What are the 4 actions of Diltiazem (Cardizem)?

A
  1. Slows conduction through the AV node
  2. Causes vasodilation
  3. Decreases rate of ventricular response
  4. Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
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54
Q

What is the indication for Diltiazem (Cardizem)?

A

To control rapid ventricular response associated with atrial fibrillation/flutter and narrow complex tachycardia

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55
Q

What are the 3 contraindications for Diltiazem (Cardizem)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Hypotension
  3. Wolff-Parkinson-White Sydrome
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56
Q

What are the 2 precautions for Diltiazem (Cardizem)?

A
  1. Should not be used in pts receiving intravenous Beta blockers
  2. Hypotension
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57
Q

What are the 4 side effects of Diltiazem (Cardizem)?

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Vomiting
  3. Hypotension
  4. Dizziness
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58
Q

What is the class of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A

Antihistamine

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59
Q

What are the 2 actions of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A
  1. Blocks histamine receptors

2. Some sedative effects

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60
Q

What are 2 indications for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A
  1. Anaphylaxis

2. Allergic reactions

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61
Q

What are 3 contraindications for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Asthma
  3. Nursing mothers
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62
Q

What are 2 precautions for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A
  1. Hypotension

2. Sedation

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63
Q

What are 5 side effects of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A
  1. Sedation
  2. Dries bronchial secretions
  3. Blurred vision
  4. Headache
  5. Palpitations
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64
Q

What is the class of Epinephrine 1:1,000?

A

Sympathomimetic

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65
Q

What is the action of Epinephrine 1:1,000?

A

Bronchodilation

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66
Q

What are the 4 indications for Epinephrine 1:1,000?

A
  1. Severe asthma
  2. Severe allergic reactions
  3. Anaphylactic shock
  4. Cardiac arrest (ET)
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67
Q

What are 4 contraindications for Epinephrine 1:1,000?

A
  1. Pts with underlying cardiovascular disease
  2. Hypertension
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Pts with tachy-arrhythmias
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68
Q

What are 2 precautions for Epinephrine 1:1,000?

A
  1. Should be protected from light

2. Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG must be constantly monitored

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69
Q

What are 4 side effects of Epinephrine 1:1,000?

A
  1. Palpitations and tachycardia
  2. Anxiousness
  3. Headache
  4. Tremor
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70
Q

What is the class of Epinephrine 1:10,000?

A

Sympathomimetic

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71
Q

What are 6 actions of Epinephrine 1:10,000?

A
  1. Increases heart rate and automaticity
  2. Increases cardiac contractile force
  3. Increases myocardial electrical activity
  4. Increases systemic vascular resistance
  5. Increases blood pressure
  6. Causes bronchodilation
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72
Q

What are 2 indications for Epinephrine 1:10,000?

A
  1. Cardiac arrest

2. Anaphylactic shock

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73
Q

What are 2 contraindications of Epinephrine 1:10,000?

A
  1. Epinephrine 1:10,000 is for intravenous or endotracheal use
  2. It should not be used in pts who do not require extensive resuscitative efforts
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74
Q

What are 2 precautions for Epinephrine 1:10,000?

A
  1. Should be protected from light

2. Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions

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75
Q

What are 4 side effects of Epinephrine 1:10,000?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Anxiety
  3. Tremulousness
  4. Nausea and vomiting
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76
Q

What is the class of the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?

A

Sympathomimetic

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77
Q

What are the 6 actions of the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?

A
  1. Increases heart rate and automaticity
  2. Increases cardiac contractile force
  3. Increases myocardial electrical activity
  4. Increases systemic vascular resistance
  5. Increases blood pressure
  6. Causes bronchodilation
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78
Q

What is the indication for the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?

A

Shock

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79
Q

What are 2 precautions for the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?

A
  1. Should be protected from light

2. Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions

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80
Q

What are 4 side effects of the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Anxiety
  3. Tremulousness
  4. Nausea and vomiting
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81
Q

What is the class of Epinephrine (Racemic)?

A

Sympathomimetic

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82
Q

What are the 6 actions of Epinephrine (Racemic)?

A
  1. Increases heart rate
  2. Increases cardiac contractile force
  3. Increases myocardial electrical activity
  4. Increases systemic vascular resistance
  5. Increases blood pressure
  6. Causes bronchodilation
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83
Q

What is the indication for Epinephrine (Racemic)?

A

Stridorous respirations related to allergic reactions and upper respiratory causes

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84
Q

What are the 5 contraindications for Epinephrine (Racemic)?

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Pts with underlying cardiovascular disease
  3. Pts with hypertension
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Pts with tachy-arrhythmias
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85
Q

What are the 2 precautions for Epinephrine (Racemic)?

A
  1. Should be protected from light

2. Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions

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86
Q

What are 4 side effects of Epinephrine (Racemic)?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Anxiety
  3. Tremulousness
  4. Nausea and vomiting
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87
Q

What is the class of Etomidate?

A

Hypnotic

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88
Q

What is the action of Etomidate?

A

Short-acting hypnotic used to induce anesthesia

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89
Q

What is the indication for Etomidate?

A

Used for sedation and for the induction of anesthesia prior to paralytic use in Rapid Sequence Intubation

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90
Q

What are 2 contraindications for Etomidate?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to the drug

2. Sepsis

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91
Q

What are 2 side effects of Etomidate?

A
  1. Myoclonic jerking, usually brief and self-limited

2. Respiratory suppression

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92
Q

What is the class of Fentanyl?

A

Narcotic

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93
Q

What are 3 actions of Fentanyl?

A
  1. CNS depressant
  2. Causes peripheral vasodilation
  3. Decreases sensitivity to pain
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94
Q

What are 2 indications for Fentanyl?

A
  1. Pain

2. Pulmonary edema

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95
Q

What are 8 contraindications for Fentanyl?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Respiratory insufficiencies
  3. Asthma
  4. Bronchospasm
  5. Intracranial or intraspinal pressure
  6. Head injuries
  7. Altered mental status
  8. Hypotension
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96
Q

What are 3 precautions for Fentanyl?

A
  1. Respiratory depression (Narcan shoul be available)
  2. Hypotension
  3. Nausea
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97
Q

What are 5 side effects of Fentanyl?

A
  1. Dizziness
  2. Altered level of consciousness
  3. Hypotension
  4. Respiratory depression
  5. Nausea
98
Q

What is the class of Furosemide (Lasix)?

A

Diuretic

99
Q

What are the 3 actions of Furosemide (Lasix)?

A
  1. Inhibits reabsorption of sodium chloride
  2. Promotes prompt diuresis
  3. Vasodilation
100
Q

What are 2 indications for Furosemide (Lasix)?

A
  1. Congestive heart failure

2. Pulmonary edema

101
Q

What are 3 contraindications for Furosemide (Lasix)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Dehydration
102
Q

What are 2 precautions for Furosemide (Lasix)?

A
  1. Should be protected from light

2. Dehydration

103
Q

What are the side effects of Furosemide (Lasix)?

A

Few in emergency usage

104
Q

What is the class of Glucagon?

A

Hormone

105
Q

What are the 5 actions of Glucagon?

A
  1. Causes breakdown of glycogen to glucose
  2. Inhibits glycogen synthesis
  3. Elevates blood glucose level
  4. Increases cardiac contractile force
  5. Increases heart rate
106
Q

What is the indication for Glucagon?

A

Hypoglycemia without IV access and unable to take oral

107
Q

What is the contraindication for Glucagon?

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug

108
Q

What are 3 precautions for Glucagon?

A
  1. Only effective if there are sufficient stores of glycogen within the liver
  2. Use with caution in pts with cardiovascular or renal disease
  3. Obtain blood glucose before administration
109
Q

What are the side effects of Glucagon?

A

Few in emergency situations

110
Q

What is the class of Haloperidol (Haldol)?

A

Major tranquilizer

111
Q

What are 2 actions of Haloperidol (Haldol)?

A
  1. Blocks dopamine receptors in brain responsible for mood and behavior
  2. Has antiemetic properties
112
Q

What is the indication for Haloperidol (Haldol)?

A

Acute psychotic episodes

113
Q

What are 2 contraindications for Haloperidol (Haldol)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug

2. Pts with prolonged QT

114
Q

What is a precaution for Haloperidol (Haldol)?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

115
Q

What are 2 side effects for Haloperidol (Haldol)?

A
  1. Physical and mental impairment

2. Extra-pyramidal reactions have been known to occur (can reverse with Benadryl)

116
Q

What is the class for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?

A

Narcotic

117
Q

What are 3 actions for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?

A
  1. CNS depressant
  2. Causes peripheral vasodilation
  3. Decreases sensitivity to pain
118
Q

What is the indication for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?

A

Pain

119
Q

What are 7 contraindications for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Respiratory insufficiencies
  3. Asthma
  4. Bronchospasm
  5. Intracranial or intraspinal pressure
  6. Head injuries
  7. Hypotension
120
Q

What are 3 precautions for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?

A
  1. Respiratory depression (Narcan should be available)
  2. Hypotension
  3. Nausea
121
Q

What are 4 side effects of Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?

A
  1. Dizziness
  2. Altered level of consciousness
  3. Hypotension
  4. Respiratory depression
122
Q

What is the class of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

A

Anticholinergic

123
Q

What are 2 actions of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

A
  1. Causes bronchodilation

2. Dries respiratory tract secretions

124
Q

What are 2 indications for Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

A
  1. Bronchial asthma

2. Reversible bronchospasm with chronic bronchitis and emphysema

125
Q

What are 2 contraindications for Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug

2. Should not be used as primary agent in acute treatment of bronchospasm

126
Q

What is a precaution for Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

A

Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG must be constantly monitored

127
Q

What are 7 side effects of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Dizziness
  3. Anxiety
  4. Tremors
  5. Headache
  6. Nervousness
  7. Dry mouth
128
Q

What is the class of Ketamine?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

129
Q

What is the action of Ketamine?

A

Affects catecholaminergic transmission

130
Q

What is the indication for Ketamine?

A

For the induction of anesthesia prior to “Rapid Sequence Intubation”

131
Q

What is the contraindication of Ketamine?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

132
Q

What are 6 side effects of Ketamine?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Involuntary muscle movements
  4. Sedation
  5. Emergence reactions
  6. Vomiting
133
Q

What is the class of Labetalol?

A

Sympathetic blocker

134
Q

What is the action of Labetalol?

A

Selectively blocks alpha receptors and non-selectively blocks beta receptors

135
Q

What is the indication for Labetalol?

A

Hypertensive crisis

136
Q

What are 6 contraindications for Labetalol?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Bronchial asthma
  3. Congestive heart failure
  4. Heart block
  5. Bradycardia
  6. Hypotension
137
Q

What is the precaution for Labetalol?

A

Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG must be constantly monitored

138
Q

What are 5 side effects of Labetalol?

A
  1. Bradycardia
  2. Heart block
  3. Congestive heart failure
  4. Bronchospasm
  5. Hypotension
139
Q

What are the 2 classes of Lidocaine?

A

Antiarrhythmic

Anesthetic

140
Q

What 5 actions of Lidocaine?

A
  1. Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity
  2. Increases ventricular fibrillation threshold
  3. Reduces velocity of electrical impulse through conductive system
  4. Anesthetic
  5. Thought to decrease ICP
141
Q

What is an indication for Lidocaine?

A

Premedication prior to rapid sequence induction (decreases ICP)

142
Q

What are 3 contraindications for Lidocaine?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Heart blocks
  3. PVC’s in conjunction with bradycardia
143
Q

What are 4 precautions of Lidocaine?

A
  1. Dosage should not exceed 300 mg/hr
  2. Monitor for CNS toxicity
  3. Dosage should be reduced by 50% in pts older than 70 years of age who have liver disease in cardiac arrest
  4. Use only bolus therapy
144
Q

What are 7 side effects of Lidocaine?

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Drowsiness
  3. Dizziness
  4. Confusion
  5. Nausea and vomiting
  6. Convulsions
  7. Widening of QRS
145
Q

What are the 3 classes of Magnesium Sulfate?

A
  1. Anticonvulsant
  2. Antiarrhythmic
  3. Reduces bronchospasm
146
Q

What are 4 actions of Magnesium Sulfate?

A
  1. CNS depressant
  2. Anti-convulsant
  3. Anti-arrhythmic
  4. Anti-spasmotic (bronchial)
147
Q

What are 3 indications for Magnesium Sulfate?

A
  1. Eclampsia
  2. Torsades de Pointes
  3. Severe asthma
148
Q

What are 2 contraindications for Magnesium Sulfate?

A
  1. Shock

2. Heart block

149
Q

What are 4 precautions for Magnesium Sulfate?

A
  1. Caution should be used in pts receiving digitalis
  2. Hypotension
  3. Calcium Gluconate should be readily available as an antidote if respiratory depression ensues
  4. Use with caution in pts in renal failure
150
Q

What are 2 side effects of Magnesium Sulfate?

A
  1. Respiratory depression

2. Drowsiness

151
Q

What is the class of Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?

A

Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid

152
Q

What is the action of Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?

A

Decreases inflammation

153
Q

What are 4 indications for Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?

A
  1. Allergic reactions
  2. COPD
  3. Asthma
  4. Airway inflammation
154
Q

What is a contraindication for Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

155
Q

What is a side effect of Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?

A

Hyperglycemia

156
Q

What is the class of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A

Anti-emetic (dopamine)

157
Q

What are 3 actions of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A
  1. Blocks dopamine receptors in the CNS
  2. Increases upper GI motility
  3. Sensitizes tissues to ACh
158
Q

What is the indication for Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A

Active nausea and vomiting and as an adjunct to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with narcotic analgesics

159
Q

What are 3 contraindications for Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Bowel obstruction/perforation
  3. GI bleed
160
Q

What are 4 side effects of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A
  1. Extrapyramidal symptoms (can be treated with Benadryl)
  2. Fatigue
  3. Sedation
  4. Restlessness
161
Q

What is the class of Midazolam (Versed)?

A

Benzodiazepine

162
Q

What are the 2 actions of Midazolam (Versed)?

A
  1. Hypnotic

2. Sedative

163
Q

What are 2 indications for Midazolam (Versed)?

A
  1. Seizure

2. Sedation

164
Q

What are 4 contraindications for Midazolam (Versed)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Narrow-angle glaucoma
  3. Respiratory depression
  4. Hypotension
165
Q

What are 2 precautions for Midazolam (Versed)?

A
  1. Emergency resuscitation equipment should be available

2. Respiratory depression

166
Q

What are 5 side effects of Midazolam (Versed)?

A
  1. Drowsiness
  2. Hypotension
  3. Amnesia
  4. Respiratory depression
  5. Apnea
167
Q

What is the class of Morphine?

A

Narcotic

168
Q

What are 3 actions of Morphine?

A
  1. CNS depressant
  2. Causes peripheral vasodilation
  3. Decreases sensitivity to pain
169
Q

What are 2 indications for Morphine?

A
  1. Pain

2. Pulmonary edema

170
Q

What are 8 contraindications for Morphine?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Respiratory insufficiencies
  3. Asthma
  4. Bronchospasm
  5. Intracranial or intraspinal pressure
  6. Head injuries
  7. Altered mental status
  8. Hypotension
171
Q

What are 3 precautions for Morphine?

A
  1. Respiratory depression (Narcan should be available)
  2. Hypotension
  3. Nausea
172
Q

What are 5 side effects of Morphine?

A
  1. Dizziness
  2. Altered level of consciousness
  3. Hypotension
  4. Respiratory depression
  5. Nausea
173
Q

What is the class of Naloxone (Narcan)?

A

Narcotic antagonist

174
Q

What is the action of Naloxone (Narcan)?

A

Reverses effects of narcotics

175
Q

What are 2 indications for Naloxone (Narcan)?

A
  1. Narcotic overdose

2. To rule out narcotics in coma of unknown origin

176
Q

What is the contraindication for Naloxone (Narcan)?

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug

177
Q

What are 2 precautions for Naloxone (Narcan)?

A
  1. Should be administered with caution to pts dependent on narcotics as it may cause withdrawal effects
  2. Short acting, should be augmented every 5 minutes
178
Q

What is the class of Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?

A

Nitrate

179
Q

What are 4 actions of Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?

A
  1. Smooth-muscle relaxant
  2. Decreases preload
  3. Dilates coronary arteries
  4. Causes vasodilation
180
Q

What are 2 indications for Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?

A
  1. Angina

2. Chest pain associated with myocardial infarction

181
Q

What are 6 contraindications for Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Hypotension
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Head injury
  5. CVA
  6. Erectile dysfunction medications
182
Q

What are 3 precautions for Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?

A
  1. IV access
  2. Constantly monitor vitals signs
  3. Syncope/ hypotension can occur
183
Q

What are 3 side effects of Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?

A
  1. Dizziness
  2. Hypotension
  3. Headache
184
Q

What are the 2 classes of Nitrous Oxide?

A
  1. Sedative

2. Analgesic

185
Q

What are 2 actions of Nitrous Oxide?

A
  1. Exact actions not completely understood

2. Central Nervous System depressant

186
Q

What is the indication for Nitrous Oxide?

A

Pain

187
Q

What are 6 contraindications for Nitrous Oxide?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Pneumothorax
  4. Bowel obstruction
  5. Hypoxia
  6. COPD
188
Q

What are 3 precautions for Nitrous Oxide?

A
  1. Pt must be alert
  2. Pt must be able to follow instructions
  3. Pt must be able to hold mask on face
189
Q

What are 3 side effects of Nitrous Oxide?

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Lethargy
  3. Dizziness
    (can be relieved with 100% O2)
190
Q

What is the class of Ondansetron (Zofran)?

A

Anti-emetic (5-HT3 antagonist)

191
Q

What is the action of Ondansetron (Zofran)?

A

Causes interruption of the Serotonin 5-HT3 receptors responsible for vomiting in the brain

192
Q

What are 2 indications for Ondansetron (Zofran)?

A
  1. Active nausea and vomiting

2. As an adjunct to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with narcotic analgesics

193
Q

What is a contraindication for Ondansetron (Zofran)?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

194
Q

What are 3 side effects of Ondansetron (Zofran)?

A
  1. Headache
  2. Constipation
  3. Dizziness
195
Q

What is the class of Oxygen (O2)?

A

Gas

196
Q

What is the action of Oxygen (O2)?

A

Necessary for cellular metabolism

197
Q

What is the indication for Oxygen (O2)?

A

Hypoxia

198
Q

What is the contraindication for Oxygen (O2)?

A

None

199
Q

What are 2 precautions for Oxygen (O2)?

A
  1. Use cautiously in pts with COPD

2. Humidify when providing high-flow rates

200
Q

What is a side effect of Oxygen (O2)?

A

Drying of mucous membranes

201
Q

What is the class of Promethazine (Phenergan)?

A

Antihistamine

202
Q

What are 2 actions of Promethazine (Phenergan)?

A
  1. Blocks histamine receptors

2 Has some sedative effects

203
Q

What are 2 indications for Promethazine (Phenergan)?

A
  1. Active nausea and vomiting

2. As an adjunct to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with narcotic analgesics

204
Q

What is a contraindication for Promethazine (Phenergan)?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

205
Q

What are 3 precautions for Promethazine (Phenergan)?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Sedation
  3. Must be diluted and slow IV push as can cause vein damage
206
Q

What are 3 side effects of Promethazine (Phenergan)?

A
  1. Sedation
  2. Dry mouth
  3. Restlessness
207
Q

What is the class of Rocuronium (Zemuron)?

A

Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)

208
Q

What is the action of Rocuronium (Zemuron)?

A

Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles

209
Q

What is the indication for Rocuronium (Zemuron)?

A

To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation/ ventilation

210
Q

What is the contraindication for Rocuronium (Zemuron)?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

211
Q

What are 4 precautions for Rocuronium (Zemuron)?

A
  1. Should not be administered unless persons skilled in endotracheal intubation are present
  2. Endotracheal intubation equipment must be available
  3. Oxygen equipment and emergency resuscitative drugs must be available
  4. Paralysis occurs within 1-2 minutes and lasts for approximately 30-60 minutes
212
Q

What are 2 side effects of Rocuronium (Zemuron)?

A
  1. Prolonged paralysis

2. Tachycardia

213
Q

What is the class of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Alkalinizing agent

214
Q

What are 2 actions of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A
  1. Combines with excessive acids to form a weak volatile acid
  2. Increases pH
215
Q

What are 4 indications for Sodium Bicarbonate?

A
  1. Late in the management of cardiac arrest, if at all
  2. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
  3. Severe acidosis refractory to hyperventilation
  4. Dialysis pts for acidosis
216
Q

What are 2 contraindications for Sodium Bicarbonate?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug

2. Alkalotic states

217
Q

What are 4 precautions for Sodium Bicarbonate?

A
  1. Correct dosage is essential to avoid overcompensation of pH
  2. Can deactivate catecholamines
  3. Can precipitate with calcium preparations
  4. Delivers large sodium load
218
Q

What is a side effect of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Alkalosis

219
Q

What is the class of Succinylcholine?

A

Neuromuscular blocking agent (depolarizing)

220
Q

What are the 2 actions of Succinylcholine?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle relaxant

2. Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles

221
Q

What is the indication for Succinylcholine?

A

To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation

222
Q

What are the 3 contraindications for Succinylcholine?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Muscle myopathies/wasting
  3. Malignant hyperthermia (personal or family history) and hyperkalemia
223
Q

What are the 4 precautions for Succinylcholine?

A
  1. Should not be administered unless persons skilled in endotracheal intubation are present
  2. Endotracheal intubation equipment must be available
  3. Oxygen equipment and emergency resuscitative drugs must be available
  4. Paralysis occurs within 1 minute and lasts for approximately 8 minutes
224
Q

What are 3 side effects of Succinylcholine?

A
  1. Prolonged paralysis
  2. Hypotension
  3. Bradycardia
225
Q

What is the class of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

A

Vitamin

226
Q

What is the action of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

A

Cofactor/ Coenzymes in glucose metabolism

227
Q

What are 3 indications for Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

A
  1. Coma of unknown origin
  2. Alcoholism
  3. Malnutrition
228
Q

What are the contraindications for Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

A

None in the emergency setting

229
Q

What is the precaution for Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

A

Rare anaphylactic reactions have been reported

230
Q

What are the side effects of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?

A

Rare

231
Q

What is the class of Vasopressin?

A

Posterior pituitary hormone (ADH)

232
Q

What is the action of Vasopressin?

A

Potent peripheral vasoconstrictor

233
Q

What is the indication for Vasopressin?

A

Cardiac Arrest

234
Q

What is the contraindication for Vasopressin?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

235
Q

What are the side effects of Vasopressin?

A

No significant in cardiac arrest

236
Q

What is the class of Vecuronium (Norcuron)?

A

Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)

237
Q

What are 2 actions of Vecuronium (Norcuron)?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle relaxant

2. Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles

238
Q

What is the indication for Vecuronium (Norcuron)?

A

To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation

239
Q

What is the contraindication for Vecuronium (Norcuron)?

A

Hypersensitivity to drug

240
Q

What are 4 precautions for Vecuronium (Norcuron)?

A
  1. Should not be administered unless persons skilled in endotracheal intubation are present
  2. Endotracheal intubation equipment must be available
  3. Oxygen equipment and emergency resuscitative drugs must be available
  4. Paralysis occurs within 1 minute and lasts for approximately 30 minutes
241
Q

What are 3 side effects of Vecuronium (Norcuron)?

A
  1. Prolonged paralysis
  2. Hypotension
  3. Bradycardia

EMS Protocols 2015 (8 decks)

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