Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NCLEX Review > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Preferred needle gauge for administering blood products

A

18G or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Maintenance fluid that can be used for blood administration

A

0.9% NaCl (Normal saline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rate used for initial 15 minutes of blood administration

A

5 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood MUST be administered within how many hours?

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How frequently should vital signs be checked when administering blood?

A

Every 15 minutes for at least the first hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a transfusion reaction is suspected, the nurse should…

A
  1. STOP TRANSFUSION
  2. Restart NS to maintain IV access
  3. Bag blood and IV tubing and return to blood bank
  4. Draw blood samples and collect urine samples
  5. Monitor for hematuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What medications can be given for a transfusion reaction?

A
  1. Diphenhydramine
  2. Aspirin
  3. Steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contraindications to receiving autologous blood

A
  1. Acute infection
  2. Chronic disease
  3. Hemoglobin less than 11 g/L, hematocrit less than 33%
  4. Cerebrovascular disease
  5. Cardiovascular disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fluid overload transfusion reaction (S/S and interventions)

A
  1. S/S: SOB, rales/crackles

2. Interventions: Administer O2, Slow transfusion, Call MD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Allergic transfusion reaction (Hypersensitivity) (S/S and interventions)

A
  1. S/S: Mild = Uticaria, itching, flushing
    Anaphylaxis = HypoTN, Dyspnea, low O2, flushing
  2. Interventions: Stop blood, O2, NS, antihistamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (S/S and interventions)

A
  1. S/S (SYSTEMIC): N/V, lower back pain, hypoTN, increase HR, decreased urine, hematuria
  2. Interventions: Stop blood, airway, antihistamines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Febrile transfusion reaction (most common) (S/S and interventions)

A
  1. S/S: Fever, chills, HA, flushing, tachycardia, palpitation
  2. Interventions: Stop blood, ASPIRIN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacterial transfusion reaction (S/S and interventions)

A
  1. S/S: Tachycardia, HypoTN, Fever, chills, shock

2. Interventions: Stop blood, obtain culture, antibiotics, steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

Same concentration as body fluids (no shift of fluids)

  1. NS
  2. Lactated Ringers
  3. D5W
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypotonic solutions

A

Concentration less than body fluids (fluid shift to tissues)

1. 1/2 NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypertonic solutions

A

Concentration greater than body fluids (fluid shift to vessel)

  1. 10-15% dextrose in water
  2. 3% NaCl
  3. Sodium bicarbonate 5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Main goal of IV therapy

A

Maintain or restore fluid/electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IV insertion procedure STERILE TECHNIQUE

A
  1. Apply tourniquet 4-6” above site
  2. Clean with alcohol swab working from center outward
  3. Repeat cleaning with iodine
  4. Hold skin taunt and stabilize vein
  5. Insert catheter bevel up at 15-20 degrees
  6. Lessen angle and advance watching for blood flash
  7. Once blood is seen, advance another 1/4” and remove tourniquet
  8. Withdraw needle and advance catheter to hub
  9. Secure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How frequently should IV tubing be changed?

A

Every 72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How frequently should IV bags be changed?

A

Every 24 hours (even if not empty yet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Infiltration from IV therapy (S/S and interventions)

A

Medication goes into tissues
S/S: Edema, pain, COOLNESS, decreased flow rate
Interventions: Discontinue IV, WARM compresses, elevate arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Extravasation from IV therapy (S/S and interventions)

A

Infiltration with blistering and sloughing of skin

Interventions: Discontinue IV (aspirate as removing), Prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Medications that will cause extravasation

A
  1. Gentamycin
  2. Penicillin
  3. Vancomycin
  4. Dilantin
  5. Antineoplastic drugs
  6. Calcium
  7. Potassium
  8. Epinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis from IV therapy (S/S and interventions)

A

Irritation of the vein
S/S: Reddened, WARM, tender, swelling
Interventions: Discontinue IV, WARM, MOIST compress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hematoma from IV therapy (S/S and interventions)
S/S: ecchymosis, swelling, leakage of blood at insertion | Interventions: Apply pressure, COOL compress/ICE
26
Clotting from IV therapy (S/S and interventions)
S/S: Decreased flow rate, back flow of blood into tubing | Interventions: Discontinue IV, Urokinase
27
Interventions that should NOT be performed if clotting occurs during IV therapy
1. Irrigation or milking of tubing 2. Increase of IV flow rate 3. Aspiration of clot
28
Length of time a PICC can remain in place
Up to 6 months
29
S/S to look for to prevent PICC complications
1. SOB 2. Pain with respiration 3. Decreased movement of arm
30
Length of time a MLC can remain in place
1-8 weeks
31
Triple lumen catheter lumen uses
1. Distal lumen = Infuse or draw blood 2. Middle lumen = TPN 3. Proximal lumen = Infuse/draw blood, medications
32
If resistance is met when trying to flush a triple lumen catheter, the nurse should...
Call the HCP. NEVER FORCE FLUSH!!
33
Dressing change procedure for a triple lumen catheter
1. Low-fowler's 2. Masks for both nurse and patient 3. Alcohol and iodine to clean site
34
Adrenergic medications (ENDD)
1. Epinephrine 2. Norepinephrine 3. Dopamine 4. Dobutamine
35
Common side effects of adrenergic medications
1. Dysrhythmias 2. Tremors 3. Anticholinergic reaction (dry mouth, urinary retention)
36
Nursing interventions for adrenergic medications
1. Monitor BP 2. Monitor peripheral pulses 3. Monitor output 4. Maintain safety (can cause drowsiness)
37
Benzodiazepines medications (Suffix specific)
- PAM or -LAM suffix | * *expect for Chlordiazepoxide
38
Non-benzodiazepine medications
1. Buspirone | 2. Hydroxyzine
39
Herbal antianxiety medications
1. Kava | 2. Melatonin
40
Most important to remember for patient taking benzodiazepines
CNS DEPRESSION! (sedation, confusion, hepatic dysfunction) - Avoid alcohol!
41
Teaching regarding antianxiety medications
1. Discontinue slowly (no abrupt stopping) 2. Changes in smoking/caffeine intake will affect effectiveness of medication (HX IMPORTANT!) 3. Avoid alcohol (CNS depression)
42
Antacid medications (One word specific)
HYDROXIDE 1. Aluminum hydroxide 2. Magnesium hydroxide
43
Side effects of antacids
1. Constipation or diarrhea 2. Acid rebound between doses 3. Metabolic acidosis
44
Administration timing for antacids
1-2 hours AFTER eating and/or other medications
45
General side effects of antibiotics
1. Allergy (not necessarily after first dose) 2. Superinfection 3. Organ toxicity (specifically kidney and liver)
46
General teaching when administering antibiotics
1. Take until gone!! 2. Always do a culture and sensitivity FIRST before administering 3. Encourage fluids (3000 ml/day) 4. Generally taken 1 hour BEFORE or 2-3 hours AFTER meals (2 exceptions) 5. Check expiration dates! (can be toxic if expired)
47
Aminoglycoside medications (Suffix specific)
Antibiotics; -MYCIN suffix | **EXCLUDES erythromycin, azethromycin, vancomycin
48
Aminoglycoside specific side effects
1. Ototoxicity (8th cranial nerve) | 2. Nephrotoxicity
49
Cephalosporin medications (Prefix specific)
Antibiotics; CEF-/CEPH- prefix
50
Cephalosporin specific side effects
1. Rash 2. Bone marrow suppression 3. False positives for protein or glucose in urine
51
Cephalosporin specific patient teaching
1. TAKE WITH FOOD | 2. Cross allergy with penicillin
52
Fluoroquinolone medications (Suffix specific)
Antibiotics; -FLOXACIN suffix
53
Macrolide medications (exception -mycin's)
Antibiotic 1. Erythromycin 2. Azethromycin
54
Macrolide specific side effects
1. Confusion | 2. Increased effectiveness of warfarin and theophylline
55
Penicillin medications (Suffix specific)
Antibiotics; -CILLIN suffix
56
Penicillin specific side effects
1. Breakdown of mouth and GI tract (stomatitis and gastritis) 2. Biggest allergy reaction**
57
Penicillin specific teaching
1. Take yogurt or buttermilk if diarrhea develops | 2. DON'T double doses if dose is missed
58
Sulfonamide medications (Prefix specific)
Antibiotics; SULF- prefix
59
Sulfonamide specific side effects
1. Peripheral neuropathy 2. Crystalluria/proteinuria 3. Photosensitivity
60
Sulfonamide specific teaching
1. Protect from sun exposure | 2. Take with food
61
Tetracycline medications (Suffix specific)
Antibiotics; -CYCLINE suffix
62
Tetracycline specific side effects
1. Discoloration of primary teeth in fetus if taken during pregnancy! (or early in life) 2. PhotoTOXIC reaction
63
Tetracycline specific teaching
1. SPECIAL NOTE TO EXPIRATION DATE 2. Use additional contraceptive in addition to oral contraceptives 3. SUN EXPOSURE PREVENTION!
64
Nitrofurantoin (Usage, side effects, interventions)
Used to treat UTI's Side Effects: Asthma attacks Interventions: Avoid acidic foods (i.e. cranberry juice, prunes)
65
Phenazopyridine (Usage, side effects, interventions)
Used as an urinary tract analgesic Side Effects: HA and vertigo Interventions: Urine will be bright ORANGE
66
Anti-impotence medication (Suffix specific)
Used to treat erectile dysfunction; -AFIL suffix
67
Anti-impotence specific teaching
1. No grapefruit juice | 2. NEVER use with nitrates or alpha-blockers (could be fatal)
68
Anticholinergic medications (STrIP BAT)
1. Scopolamine 2. Trihexyphenydil (Psych) 3. Iprotropium (Resp.) 4. Propantheline 5. Benzotropine (Psych) 6. Atropine 7. Tiotropium (Resp.)
69
Anticholinergic specific side effects
1. Dry mouth 2. Blurred vision 3. Urinary retention
70
Anticholinergic specific teaching
1. Do NOT use with glaucoma, paralytic ileus, or BPH | 2. 30 minutes before meals or 2 hours after
71
Anticoagulant medications
1. Heparin 2. Enoxaparin 3. Warfarin
72
Heparin therapeutic range
1.5-2.5x normal PTT (normal 20-45 seconds)
73
Warfarin therapeutic range
1.5x normal PT (normal 9-12 seconds)
74
Antidote for heparin
Protamine sulfate
75
Antidote for warfarin
Vitamin K
76
Foods that should be avoided when taking Warfarin
Anything high in vitamin K! 1. Green vegetables 2. Pork 3. Rice 4. Yogurt 5. Cheeses 6. Fish 7. Milk
77
Clients on anti-coagulation therapy should avoid...
1. IM injections 2. Aspirin 3. NSAID
78
Herbal interactions with warfarin (3 G's)
1. Ginger 2. Ginkgo 3. Garlic
79
Anti-convulsant medications
1. Clonazepam* (Benzo) 2. Diazepam (Benzo) 3. Fosphenytoin 4. Levetricetam 5. Phenytoin sodium* 6. Phenobarbital* 7. Magnesium sulfate (OB) 8. Valproic acid* 9. Carbameazepine* 10. Gabapentin* 11. Lamotrigine* 12. Topiramate*
80
Anti-convulsant side effects
1. CNS depression (NO ALCOHOL) 2. Ginigival hypertrophy (overgrowth of gums) 3. Agranulocytosis 4. Aplastic anemia
81
Anti-convulsant nursing interventions
1. Do NOT discontinue abruptly | 2. Use caution when giving these medications with MAOI's (lower seizure threshhold)
82
Phenytoin specific side effects
1. Cardiac arrest can occur when given IV | 2. Turns urine pink
83
Valproic acid specific side effects
Don't take with carbonated beverages
84
MAOI medications (PIT)
Antidepressant 1. Phenelzine sulfate 2. Isocarboxazide 3. Tranylcypromide
85
MAOI specific side effects
1. Hypertensive crisis!! 2. Photosensitivity 3. Weight gain
86
MAOI nursing considerations/teaching
1. No tyramine containing foods 2. Takes up to 4 weeks to work 3. Discontinue 10 days before general anesthesia
87
Tyramine containing foods
1. Aged cheese 2. Bologna 3. Pepperoni 4. Salami 5. Figs 6. Bananas *important to know if taking Lasix as well* 7. Raisins 8. Beer/red wine
88
A patient presents with a severe headache, palpitations, diaphoresis, and a stiff neck and states they are taking isocarboxazide. What are they presenting with?
Hypertensive crisis
89
SSRI medications (Suffix specific)
Antidepressant; -PRAM, -INE suffix | **EXCEPT amitryptyline and imipramine
90
SSRI specific teaching
1. Take in the morning 2. Monitor for suicide!! 3. Do NOT administer with MAOI's! (Serotonin syndrome risk)
91
Tricyclic medications (exception -INE's)
Antidepressant 1. Amitriptyline 2. Imipramine
92
Tricyclic specific side effects
1. Orthostatic hypotension | 2. Anticholinergic effects
93
Tricyclic specific teaching
1. Take dosage at night to decrease sedative effects 2. Do NOT stop abruptly 3. Avoid exposure to sunlight
94
Heterocyclic medications (Suffix specific)
Antidepressant/smoking cessation; -ON/ONE suffix 1. Buproprion 2. Trazodone
95
Side effects of Buproprion include...
1. Insomnia | 2. Agitation
96
Side effects of trazadone include...
1. Sedation | 2. Orthostatic hypotension
97
Rapid acting insulin (Types, Onset, Peak)
Types: Lispro, Aspart Onset: within 15 minutes Peak: 1-3 hours
98
Short-acting insulin (Types, Onset, Peak)
Types: Regular Onset: 30-60 minutes Peak: 1-5 hours
99
Intermediate-acting insulin (Types, Onset, Peak)
Types: Isophane (NPH) Onset: 1-2 hours Peak: 6-14 hours
100
Long-acting insulin (Types, Onset, Peak)
Types: Glargine Onset: 3-4 hours Peak: None
101
Type of insulin that can be used in insulin pump
Regular
102
Oral hypoglycemic medications
1. Glimepiride, Glipizide, glyburide 2. Metformin 3. Arcarbose, Miglitol 4. Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone 5. Repaglinide 6. Sitagliptin 7. Exanatide
103
Drugs that will interact with oral hypoglycemic medications and increase risk for hypoglycemic events
1. MAOI 2. Aspirin 3. Alcohol 4. Sulfonamides 5. Oral contraceptives
104
When should oral hypoglycemic agents be taken?
Before breakfast
105
Medication used to reverse hypoglycemia
Glucagon
106
Once glucagon has been administered, it's important for the nurse to administer what if they client is CONSCIOUS?
Carbohydrates to prevent secondary hypoglycemic reaction
107
Important nursing assessments for anyone taking diabetic agents
1. Nutrition 2. Exercise 3. Stress 4. Pregnancy
108
Antidiarrheal medication (BOID)
1. Bismuth subsalicylate 2. Optium alkaloids 3. Ioperamide 4. Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate
109
Common side effects of antidiarrheals
1. Constipation | 2. Anticholinergic effects
110
Nursing considerations for antidiarrheals
1. Monitor for urinary retention (anticholinergic action) | 2. Do NOT administer for abdominal pain of unknown origin
111
Antiemetic medications (Suffix specific)
- AMIDE, -AZINE endings (plus 3 additional) 1. Ondansetron** 2. Dimenhydrinate** 3. Droperidol**
112
Major side effect if using antiemetics in conjunction with a viral infection
Reye's syndrome
113
Antifungal medications
1. Amphotericin B 2. Nystatin 3. Flucanozal 4. Metronidazole
114
Major side effect of antifungal medications
Hepatotoxicity
115
Nursing considerations for antifungal medications
1. Give with food to decrease GI upset | 2. Always check hepatic functioning!
116
Antigout medications (CAP)
1. Colchicine 2. Allopurinol 3. Probenecid
117
Which antigout medication will increase the action of ciprofloxacin?
Probenecid
118
Antigout medications affect the production of...
Uric acid
119
Major side effect of antigout medications
Renal calculi
120
Nursing considerations for antigout medications
1. Force fluids (3000 mL per day) | 2. Give with milk, antacids, or food
121
Antihistamine medications (Suffix specific)
-MINE, -ZINE, -DINE suffix
122
Common antihistamine side effects
1. Sedation/Drowsiness 2. Bronchospasm *respiratory effects* 3. Anticholinergic effects
123
Nursing considerations for antihistamines
1. Administer with food 2. Promote hard candies for dry mouth 3. Avoid alcohol
124
Antilipemic Medications (Prefix or Suffix specific)
Affect cholesterol levels; CHOLE- prefix or -STATIN suffix
125
Nursing considerations for antilipemic medications
1. May cause fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies 2. Take at night or 30 minutes before meals 3. Will inhibit absorption of other medications if taken together
126
ACE Inhibitors (Suffix specific)
Antihypertensive; -PRIL suffix
127
Side effects specific to ACE inhibitors
1. Rash, pruitis 2. Persistent, dry, nonproductive cough 3. GI irritation
128
Nursing considerations specific to ACE inhibitors
1. Give 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after (food decreases absorption) 2. Increases K levels - monitor labs!
129
Beta Blocker Medications (Suffix specific)
Antihypertensive; -OLOL suffix
130
Side effect specific to Beta Blockers
BRONCHOSPASM!
131
Nursing considerations specific to Beta Blockers
1. Do NOT discontinue abruptly (can cause rebound HTN) 2. Take WITH meals 3. May block signs of hypoglycemia (monitor glucose closely) 4. Decreased effectiveness in African Americans
132
Calcium Channel Blocker Medications (Suffix specific)
Antihypertensive; -IPINE suffix plus 2 different 1. Verapamil* 2. Diltiazem*
133
Calcium Channel Block specific nursing considerations
1. Avoid grapefruit juice
134
ARB medications (Suffix specific)
Antihypertensive; -SARTAN suffix
135
Main antihypertensive side effect and nursing consideration
Hypotension/Orthostatic hypotension | Monitor vital signs and ensure patient safety!
136
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker Medications (Suffix specific)
Antihypertensive; -AZOSIN suffix
137
Side effects specific to Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers
1. Reflex tachycardia | 2. Nasal congestion
138
Main nursing consideration when giving an Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
Administer first dose at bedtime to avoid fainting
139
Centrally acting Alpha Adrenergic medications
Antihypertensive 1. Clonidine 2. Methyldopa
140
Nursing consideration specific to Centrally Acting Alpha Adrenergic medications
Don't discontinue abruptly
141
Direct acting vasodilator medications
Antihypertensive 1. Hydralazine 2. Minoxidil
142
Direct acting vasodilator specific side effects
1. Increased hair growth | 2. Tachycardia
143
Nursing consideration when administering direct acting vasodilators
Check pulse BEFORE taking medication
144
Bipolar Disorder Medications
1. Lithium 2. Carbamazepine 3. DIvalproex sodium
145
Target therapeutic level for lithium
1 to 1.5 mEq
146
Patients taking lithium should have a daily fluid intake of at least...
2500-3000 mL per day
147
Common side effects of bipolar medications
1. Tremors | 2. Polydipsia, polyuria (DI)
148
Prefixes and Suffixes related to antibiotics
``` -MYCIN CEF- -FLOXACIN -CILLIN SULF- -CYCLINE ```
149
Suffixes related to antihypertensives
- PRIL - OLOL - IPINE - SARTAN - AZOSIN

NCLEX Review (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions