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Emergency Medical Technician > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Drug class for Nitro?

A

Vasodilator, nitrate, anti-anginal

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1
Q

What is trade name for Nitroglycerin?

A

Nitrolingual

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2
Q

What is the dose for Nitro?

A
  1. 4mg spray, q.5min prn. SL

0. 3mg tablet, q. 5min prn. SL

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3
Q

What are the indications for Nitro?

A

Acute Coronary Syndromes

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Nitro? (3)

A

1) decreases preload and after-load to ischemic heart.
2) Decreasing preload decreases starling forces, therefore less forceful contractions.
3) Decreasing after-load decreases vascular resistance

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5
Q

What are the contraindications for the use of Nitro?

A

BP<50bpm

  • Use of Phosphodiesterase within 24hrs.
  • Right ventricle infarct or BP drop of 30 systolic after 1st admin of nitro.
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6
Q

You are about to administer nitro to a pt when you notice that he is wearing a nitro patch. How do you proceed?

A

Remove the pt’s patch and and administer the medication.

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7
Q

What is the drug class for D50W?

A

Carbohydrate; Hyperglycemic

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8
Q

What are the indications for D50W?

A
  • Hypoglycemia

- Unconscious and glucometer is unavailable.

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9
Q

What is the adult dose for D50W?

A

25g (50cc) slow IV push.

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10
Q

If you suspect elevated ICP in a pt, how should you proceed with administering D50W?

A

12g (25cc) slow IV push, then reassess LOC and BGL

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11
Q

What is the Paediatric dose for D50W?

A

0.5-1.0g/kg of D25W, Slow IV push.

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12
Q

What is the contraindication for D50W?

A

-Hyperglycemia

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13
Q

What are some precautions for D50W?

A
  • Ensure IV line is patent. D50W can be irritating and necrotic to tissue if pushed interstitially.
  • Can cause cerebral edema, therefore caution in pts with increased ICP
  • Large bore IV catheter as D50W is Viscous.
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14
Q

What drug class is ASA?

A

anti-platelet

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15
Q

What are the indications for ASA?

A

Acute Coronary Syndromes

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16
Q

What is the adult dose for ASA?

A

160mg-325mg PO, chewed

administer even if pt has already taken ASA.

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17
Q

What are some contraindications for ASA? (3)

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Unable to follow commands/ Altered LOC
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18
Q

What is the MOA of ASA?

A
  • Anit-platelet*
  • Anti-pyretic
  • Analgesic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Inhibits formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets. Lasts approx 8 days (life of the platelet)
19
Q

What are some precautions for administration of ASA? (3)

A
  • Active ulcer disease
  • Asthma (ask if pt has ever taken ASA and if it triggered an asthma attack)
  • Impaired renal and hepatic function
20
Q

What is the Generic name for Atrovent?

A

Ipratroprium Bromide

21
Q

What is the drug class of Atrovent?

A

Anticholinergic, Parasympatholytic

22
Q

What is the indication for Atrovent?

A

Bronchospasm, (to be used concurrently with Ventolin)

23
Q

What is the MOA of Atrovent?

A

-Anticholinergic: blocks parasympathetic response to Ventolin. Acts as an indirect bronchodilator in this sense.

24
Q

What are some precautions to Atrovent?

A
  • Hypersensitivity to soybeans, peanuts/related products
  • Narrow angle glaucoma
  • Be careful to avoid contact with eyes
25
Q

What are some side effects of using Atrovent?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Tachycardia
  • Dilated pupils (if contact occurs)
26
Q

What is the adult dose for Atrovent?

A

250mcg-500mcg Neb. repeat up to 2 times prn

27
Q

What is the Paediatric dose for Atrovent?

A

5-11yrs old: 125-250mcg Neb. q x2 prn.

28
Q

What are the contraindications for Atrovent?

A

Hypersensitivity to Atrovent or Atropine.

29
Q

What is the generic name for Ventolin?

A

Salbutamol

30
Q

What is the drug class for Ventolin?

A

Beta 2 selective adrenergist agonist

31
Q

Indications for Ventolin?

A

Bronchospasm

32
Q

Adult dose for ventolin?

A

2.5-5mg Neb q. 10min prn

33
Q

Ped. dose for Ventolin?

A

20kg: 2.5-5mg neb.

34
Q

What is the contraindication for Ventolin?

A

Hypersensitivity

35
Q

MOA of Ventolin?

A

Beta 2 specific.

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

36
Q

Precautions for Ventolin?

A
  • Pts with hx of Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Pts with acute heart failure
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Diabetes
  • Hypokalemia
37
Q

Side effects of Ventolin?

A
  • Tachyarrythmias
  • Palpitations
  • Ischemic discomfort
  • Tremors
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Pallor
38
Q

What drug class is Glucagon?

A

Pancreatic hormone; Anti-hypoglycemic

39
Q

Indications for Glucagon?

A

Hypoglycemia without IV access

40
Q

Adult dose for Glucagon?

A

1mg/unit IM q15-20min, prn. (must be reconstituted)

41
Q

Paediatric dose for Glucagon?

A

<5yrs old, 0.5mg, IM

42
Q

Contraindications to Glucagon?

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Hypersensitivity to pork or beef
  • Hyperglycemia
43
Q

MOA of Glucagon?

A

-Breaks down hepatic glycogen stores to increase BGL.

44
Q

Precautions of Glucagon use?

A
  • Proceed with caution in pts with hx of acute coronary syndromes.
  • Glucagon may not be effective in pts who are malnourished.
45
Q

Side effects of Glucagon?

A

-Increased HR, Hypertension

Emergency Medical Technician (1 decks)

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