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Cardiac > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

0
Q

The category of blood pressure medications that are vasodilators include (4)

A

ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)
Calcium Channel blockers
Prostaglandins

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1
Q

First choice for blood pressure medications

A

ACE inhibitors

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2
Q

The most common side effect of ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) is:

A

chronic dry cough

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3
Q

enalapril

A

ACE-I

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4
Q

Captopril

A

ACE-I

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5
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE-I

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6
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE-I

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7
Q

ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure by reducing preload, afterload, or both?

A

both

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8
Q

Do not give ACE-I to patients who are taking what kind of medication?

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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9
Q

Teaching for this drug icludes:

  1. Take at the same time each day (AM is best)
  2. Do not double the dose if a dose is missed.
  3. Sit up slowly to avoid dizziness
  4. Report weight gain of 3-5 pounds weekly or 3 lbs in 2 days.
  5. Report SOB, dyspnea
A

ACE-I

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10
Q

Nurses should monitor patients taking ACE-I and ARBs for what electrolyte imbalance?

A

hyperkalemia

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11
Q

Losartan

A

ARB (angiotensin receptor blocking)

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12
Q

Valsartan

A

ARB

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13
Q

Irbesartan

A

ARB

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14
Q

Candesartan

A

ARB

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15
Q

ARBs decrease blood pressure by reducing preload, afterload, or both?

A

both

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16
Q

Nurses should assess for which electrolyte imbalance in patients taking ARBs?

A

hyperkalemia

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17
Q

If a patient is unhappy with the chronic dry cough side effect or if ACE-I are not having the desired efficacy, which type of medication would the doctor likely prescribe next?

A

ARB

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18
Q

Patient teaching for this type of drug includes:

  1. Take at the same time each day (preferably AM)
  2. Sit up slowly to avoid dizziness
  3. Check weight and BP daily
  4. Report weight gain of 3-5 lbs weekly or 3 lbs in 2 days.
  5. Report SOB, dyspnea.
  6. Report decreased UOP.
  7. It may take 3-6 weeks for full efficacy.
A

ARBs. ACE-I work almost instantly. UOP.

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19
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta blocker

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20
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta blocker

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21
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta blocker

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22
Q

Labetalol

A

Beta blocker

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23
Q

This class of blood pressure medication has the following effects:

  1. decreases HR
  2. decreases BP
  3. Vasodilates
  4. Decreases SVR
  5. Bronchoconstriction
A

beta blockers

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24
Q 
Caution should be used in patients with the following for this type of drug:
1. Low output HF
2. ADHF
due to decreased cardiac output, and 
3. bronchospasm patient
due to bronchoconstriction effect
A

beta blockers

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25
Q

ACE-I/ARBs are the first choice for blood pressure medications. What is the second?

A

Beta blockers

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26
Q

Possible side effects of this drug include:

  1. fatigue
  2. peripheral edema
  3. orthostatic hypotension
  4. bradycardia
  5. dizziness
A

beta blockers

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27
Q

Nurses should know that patients with respiratory problems should not take which class of blood pressure medication?

A

beta blockers

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28
Q

Nurses should know that this drug has a rapid onset and short duration.

A

beta blockers

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29
Q

Patient teaching for this type of drug includes:

  1. take at the same time every day (AM preferably)
  2. Sit up slowly to avoid dizziness
  3. Patient should check HR before taking, if
A

beta blockers

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30
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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31
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium Channel blocker

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32
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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33
Q

Of the CCBs, which one is most effective at raising blood pressure? (yes, raising)

A

amlodipine

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34
Q

Of the CCBs, which drug is one of the most effective for effecting the HR?

A

Verapamil

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35
Q

Of the CCBs, which drug is most useful in treating dysrhythmias? (especially tachy dysrhythmias)

A

diltiazem

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36
Q

Calcium Channel blockers decrease/increase heart rate? How?

A

decrease, by slowing contractions

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37
Q

Calcium Channel blockers are useful in dilating which important vessels?

A

Coronary arteries

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38
Q

Calcium Channel blockers, in addition to other things, can improve what sort of pain?

A

Angina

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39
Q

Which drug promotes muscle relaxation, dilates coronary arteries, decreases SVR, improves angina, and decreases BP

A

calcium channel blockers

40
Q

Major side effects of CCBs include?

A

Orthostatic hypotension, palpiations, bradycardia

41
Q

CCBs should not be used in which situation?

A

MI

42
Q

Which diuretics need to be monitored for hypokalemia?

A

Thiazides and Loop

43
Q

Which diuretic is usually given for blood pressure in addition to fluid retention?

A

Thiazides (HCTZ0

44
Q

Spirinolactone is what kind of medication specifically?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

45
Q

Nitroglycerin is what kind of drug?

A

Nitrate

46
Q

Nitrates do what to the vascular system?

A

Vasodilation of all vessels

47
Q

What specifically is NTG used for?

A

Coronary artery vasodilation

48
Q

Nitrates an increase or decrease of oxygen delivery?

A

increase

49
Q

A 60 year old man presents at the emergency room with chest pain. What question about other medications should be asked?

A

Question the patient about the use of erectile dysfunction drugs.

50
Q

What does the nurse need to monitor carefully for in patient given NTG?

A

Severe drop in BP

51
Q

Common side effects of nitrates?

A

HA
Tachycardia
Postural hypotension (apply/take while sitting down)

52
Q

What can the nurse advise a patient to do to prevent headache from NTG patches?

A

Apply further away from head

53
Q

What nursing interventions are important with NTG?

A

BP
volume status monitoring (makes dehydration worse)
Watch potassium

54
Q

What teaching is important for the patient taking NTG?

A

During anginal attack apply x3 every 5 minutes. If not significantly reduced with first dose or gone by the third dose, 911 should be called.
Sit up slowly
Keep it with you
Protect from light and moisture
Expect a tingle when applicated if it is still active
Rotate sites (most effective on chest, but anywhere will work)
There should be a nitrate free period, such as at night

55
Q

A hypertensive crisis might be treated with what form of NTG?

A

IV

56
Q

What drug is most commonly used for atrial fibillation?

A

Digoxin

57
Q

Digoxin does what to the heart?

A

Improves contractility (positive inotrope)
Slows HR
Slows conduction from SA node to ventricles

58
Q

What are the signs of Digoxin toxicity?

A 
N/V
Diarrhea
Green/yellow visual disturbance
HA
GI upset
59
Q

What could contribute to Digoxin toxicity?

A

Low potassium levels
Renal problems
Geriatric

60
Q

What are the side effects of Digoxin therapy?

A

Bradycardia, hypotension

61
Q

Nursing interventions for digoxin include

A

Watching potassium

Check apical pulse prior to administration (Must be greater than 60)

62
Q

What do patients need to learn about digoxin therapy?

A

Take at the same time each day
Check heart rate before administering
Monitor toxicity by having blood levels checked and knowing S/S of toxicity

63
Q

Other than A-fib, what other condition can digoxin help with?

A

Systolic HF

64
Q

The “statins” are what type of drug?

A

Lipid lowering

65
Q

Statins do what?

A

Decrease rate of cholesterol production

66
Q

What should be monitored for patients taking statins?

A 
Liver dysfunction (CHECK LIVER PANELS) JAUNDICE, ASCITES
muscle pain (RABDOMYOLOSIS= MUSCLE DESTRUCTION)
67
Q

Niacin is what type of drug?

A

Lipid lowering agent

68
Q

Niacin is sometimes used in conjunction with what other lipid lowering agent?

A

Statins

69
Q

The patient should be aware of what physical effect of niacin?

A

Flushing (bright red face, sweating)

70
Q

Fibric acid derivatives do what?

A

Activate lipase to enhance breakdown of cholesterol

71
Q

Gemfibrozil is what type of lipid lowering agent?

A

fibric acid derivative

72
Q

Fenofibrate is what type of lipid lowering agent?

A

Fibric acid derivative

73
Q

Bile acid sequestrant is what type of drug?

A

lipid lowering agent

74
Q

How does bile acid sequestrant work?

A

increases HDL, decreases LDL, lowering circulating cholesterol

75
Q

What are the side effects of Bile acid sequestrants?

A

Constipation, Nausea, bloating (all GI)

76
Q

Cholestyramine is what type of drug?

A

Bile acid sequestrant

77
Q

Colestipol

A

Bile acid sequestrant

78
Q

colesevelam

A

Bile acid sequestrant

79
Q

Aspirin is what type of blood thinner?

A

anti-platelet

80
Q

What allergy would be a contraindication of aspirin therapy?

A

Sulfa drugs

81
Q

Sign of toxicity of aspirin

A

Tinnitus

82
Q

Side effect of aspirin therapy

A

GI upset

83
Q

What is the antidote of coumadin?

A

Vitamin K

84
Q

What is the test to monitor coumadin therapy and what is the normal range?

A

PT/INR, 2-2.5

85
Q

What is the standard dose of Enoxaparin

A

1 mg/kg

86
Q

What is the antidote to heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

87
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Anti-platelet blood thinner

88
Q

Ticlopidine (Ticlid)

A

Anti-platelet blood thinner

89
Q

Blood thinners that are typically used after valve replacement or for atrial fibrillation

A

Plavix and Ticlid (clopidogrel and ticlopidine)

90
Q

These types of drugs typically end in -plase

A

Fibrinolytics

91
Q

This type of drug actually destroys clots

A

Fibrinolytics

92
Q

Retivase

A

Fibrinolytic

93
Q

Activase

A

Fibrinolytic

94
Q

These medications are used for refractory angina.

A

Calcium channel blockers

95
Q

Do not take this medication with other vasodilators such as nitrates or erectile dysfunction medications.

A

Calcium channel blockers

96
Q

Of the CCBs, which is most effective at treating dysrhythmias and effecting the HR?

A

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

97
Q

Calcium channel blockers decrease preload, afterload, or both? How?

A

Afterload, by decreasing SVR

98
Q

This category of drugs can be used as an antihypertensives, antidysrthmic, and/or anti-anginal.

A

Calcium channel blockers

Cardiac (2 decks)

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