Medications Flashcards
Activated Charcoal: Medication Names
SuperChar, InstaChar, Actidose, Liqui-Char
Activated Charcoal: Indications
- Poisoning by mouth
Activated Charcoal: Contraindications
- Altered mental status
- Ingestion of acids, alkalis, or petroleum products
- Active vomiting
- Inability to swallow
Activated Charcoal: Actions
Adsorbs certain poisons and prevents them from being absorbed into the body.
Activated Charcoal: Side Effects
- Black stool
- Vomiting (particularly patients who have ingested poisons that cause nausea) (if occurs and no contraindications have developed, repeat use)
Activated Charcoal: Administration/Route
Route: Oral
Administration
1. Consult medical direction
2. Check 5 rights
3. Shale container thoroughly
4. Patient may need to be persuaded to drink it, maybe provide through a covered container
5. If not drunk immediately, re-shake to mix settled charcoal prior to administration
Activated Charcoal: Dose
- Adults and children: 1 g activated charcoal/kg of body weight
- Usual adult dose: 25-50 g
- Usual pediatric dose: 12.5 - 25 g
Aspirin: Indications
All must be met.
1. Patient complains of chest discomfort or pain, or discomfort in an area commonly associated with acute coronary syndrome
2. No allergy to aspirin
3. No medications to prevent clotting
4. Able to swallow without endangering airway
5. Medical direction authorizes administration
Aspirin: Contraindications
- Allergic or sensitive to aspirin
- Unable to swallow without endangering airway
- Gastrointestinal ulcer or recent bleeding
- Known bleeding disorder
- Medical direction decides for patients (1) taking blood thinners, (2) pregnancy, (3) recent surgery
– If max dose has already been administered
Aspirin: Actions
Prevents blood from clotting as quickly by coating red blood cells (antiaggregant)
Aspirin: Side Effects
- Heartburn
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bleeding
- If allergic, bronchospasm and wheezing
Aspirin: Administration/Route
Route: Oral tablet, usually chewable
Administration
1. Consult Medical Direction
2. Check 5 rights
3. Ensure patient is alert and oriented, able to chew and swallow medication
4. Ask patient to chew tablets and swallow
Aspirin: Dose
Dose: 162 - 325 mg
*EMS usually carries chewable 81 mg tablets, so up to 4 tablets
Epi: Medication Names
Epinephrine; Epi-Pen, Epi-Pen Jr., Auvi-Q, Twinject
Epi: Indications
- Signs of severe allergic reaction, including respiratory distress or shock
- Prescribed to patient or carried on ambulance
- Medical Direction authorizes use
Epi: Contraindications
None when used in life-threatening situations
Epi: Actions
- Mimics sympathetic nervous response
- Alpha properties constrict blood vessels (improves blood pressure & reduces capillary leakage)
- Beta 2 properties relax smooth muscle of bronchioles (improves breathing and alleviates wheezing and dyspnea)
- Beta 1 properties increases heart rate and contractility, makes capillaries less permeable
Epi: Side Effects
- Increased heart rate
- Pale skin, especially at site of injection
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Chest pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Excitability and anxiousness
Epi: Administration/Route
Route: Liquid Drug Injected Intramuscularly
Administration
1. Consult Medical Direction
2. Check 5 rights
3. Remove safety cap from auto-injector
4. Place tip of auto-injector against lateral aspect of patient’s thigh, midway between hip and knee
5. Push injector firmly against thigh until spring-loaded needle is deployed and medication is injected
6. Hold injector in place until all medication is injected (10 secs for Epi-Pen, 5 secs for Auvi-Q)
7. Place used auto-injector in sharps container
8. Do not repeat dose
9. Ensure ALS en-route for further treatment
Epi: Dose
Patients > 66 lbs: 0.3 mg
Patients < 66 lbs: 0.15 mg
MDI: Medication Names
Albuterol, Metaproterenol, Ipratropium
MDI: Indications
Must meet all.
1. Signs and symptoms of respiratory emergency
2. Prescribed medication
3. Medical Direction authorizes use
MDI: Contraindications
- Patient is unable to use device
- Not prescribed to patient
- No authorization from Medical Direction
- Patient has already taken maximum dose
MDI: Actions
Beta 2 properties dilates bronchioles (reduces airway resistance)