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Medical Refresher Cards > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

TB medication that causes optic neuritis?

A

Ethambutol

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2
Q

For hypertriglyceridemia we give?

A

Fenofibrate

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3
Q

Patient presented with non-cardiac chest pain + dysphagia to both solids and liquids (Esophageal spasm) the cause could be?

A

CCBs

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4
Q

The most appropriate prophylactic antibiotics for patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery?

A

Cephalexin or Cephazolin

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5
Q

For alcohol withdrawal we give?

A

Benzodiazepines

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6
Q

Treatment of Scleroderma + Raynaud phenomenon?

A

Avoid cold weather and give nifedipine (CCB)

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7
Q

Common side effect of statins and steroids?

A

Myopathy

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8
Q

For patients with contrast induced nephropathy we give?

A

Non-acytylcysteine

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9
Q

Common complication of acyclovir?

A

Crystalluria

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10
Q

Bortedlla Pertussis treatment?

A

Macrolides ( azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin)
Age <1 month —> azithromycin x5 days
Age > 1 month—> azithromycin x 5days or clarithro x7 days or erythro x14 days

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11
Q

Lyme disease treatment for patients who are <8yrs, pregnant, or lactating?

A

Oral amoxicillin or cefuroxime

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12
Q

Lyme disease treatment for non-pregnant and patients >8yrs?

A

Oral doxycycline

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13
Q

Cardiac and neurological manifestations of Lyme disease treatment?

A

IV ceftriaxone

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14
Q

For salicylate toxicity we give?

A

Na bicarbonate

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15
Q

First line treatment of prolactinoma?

A

Dopamine agonists (Bromocriptine or Cabergoline)

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16
Q

First line treatment for acromegaly is surgery, but before the surgery we give?

A

Somatostatin analogue (Octreotide) to decrease the size of adenoma

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17
Q

Cranial diabetes insipidus treatment?

A

Desmopressin

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18
Q

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus treatment?

A

NSAIDS (indomethacin) to correct fluid loss & thiazide diuretic to correct hypernatremia
Then treat the underlying cause

19
Q

First line treatment of hypercalcemia?

A

IV fluids + bisphosphonate

20
Q

Treatment of Cushing for patients who are unfit for surgery?

A

Ketoconazole
Metyrapone

21
Q

Medications that can cause SIADH?

A

Carbamezepine, SSRIs, NSAIDS

22
Q

Aortic dissection treatment?

A

Type A: IV labetalol + surgery
Type B: IV labetalol only

23
Q

Treatment of essential tremors?

A

Probanolol (B-blocker)
Pramipexole (dopamine agonist) for asthmatic patients

24
Q

Which antibiotic should be avoided in patients with G6DP deficiency?

A

Nitrofurantoin

25
Q

Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia is caused by?

A

Amoxicillin and cephalosporins
Treatment —> discontinue the drug, transfusion (if severe), +/- steroids and IVIG
Coomb’s test to confirm

26
Q

Supportive treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

A

Eculizumab

27
Q

Impetigo treatment?

A

Muiproucm

28
Q

Serious side effect of benzodiazepines?

A

Paradoxical reactions/ paradoxical agitation

29
Q

Torrette syndrome treatment?

A

VMAT2 inhibitors (Tetrabenazine, Xenazine, Valbenazine, Ingrazza, Austedo, Deuterabenazine)

30
Q

RA patients on methotrexate what else should be prescribed for them?

A

Vitamin B9 (folic acid)

31
Q

Which medication is used to prevent tumor lysis syndrome in high risk patients?

A

Allopurinol

32
Q

Which DM medication should be stopped in patients with eGFR <30?

A

Metformin

33
Q

Which drugs should be avoided in myasthenia gravis?

A

B-blockers —> are known to cause exacerbation of MG
Also lithium, quinidine, penicillamine, and phenytoin should be avoided

34
Q

Drugs used to keep PDA open?

A

Prostaglandins ( Aloprostadil)

35
Q

First line treatment of primary aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia?

A

Spironolactone

36
Q

Side effect of haloperidol?

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

37
Q

Commonest complication of lamotrigine?

A

Steven Johnson
Or even toxic epidermal necrolysis

38
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia treated by?

A

Carbamazepine

39
Q

Drugs that increase thyroid hormone metabolism (levothyroxine) ?

A

Rifampin
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
( by increasing activity of deiodination, major method)

40
Q

Drugs that decrease levothyroxine absorption?

A

Bile acid binding agents (cholestyramine)
Iron
Calcium
PPIs

41
Q

Common side effect of alpha blockers?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

42
Q

Fluazenil is antidote for?

A

Benzodiazepines

43
Q

IV labetalol is 1st line medication to lower BP in preeclampsia, when it’s not indicated to use it? And what to use instead?

A

When patient has bradycardia
Use IV hydralazine instead

Medical Refresher Cards (3 decks)

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