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Pharm - Exam 2 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blockers- Decrease HR/contractility.

Treats HTN, angina, dysrhythmias, MI, HF

ADR: bradycardia, HF

monitor for s/sx HF (SOB, edema, orthopneic)

A

atenolol, metoprolol, carvedilol

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2
Q

Direct-Acting Vasodilators (relaxes smooth muscle)- HTN

Give with meals. TAPER

ADR: reflex tachy, dizzy, fluid retention

A

hydralazine (Apresoline)

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3
Q

phosphodiesterase inhibitor- increases CO

*short term/bridge treatment acute or severe HF

Do not give in acute MI, valve issues, renal impairment.

Monitor digoxin levels

A

milirinone

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4
Q

alpha blockers- HTN, BPH

Give @ bedtime

ADR: othostatic hypotension, reflex tachy, HA, dizzy

DO NOT GIVE WITH VIAGRA, children, liver dx

A

doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress)

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5
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (-statin)

Increase HDL, lower LDL & total cholesterol (treat high cholesterol)

Give in evening

Myopathy (rhabdo) & hepatotoxicity

GRAPEFRUIT, liver dx, ETOH

Warfarin increases bleeding

Report muscle pain, jaundice, abd pain, fatigue

LIVER FX TEST

A

atorvastatin (Lipitor), simvastatin (Zocor), lovastatin (Mevacor), rosuvastatin (Crestor)

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6
Q

Increase oxidation of fatty acids—> most effective decreasing serum triglycerides, increasing HDL

Give c/ food

GI effects (N/V/abd pain), hepatotoxicity, gallstones, myopathy

Warfarin increases bleeding. Increased myopathy c/ statins.

Report muscle pain, abd pain, fatigue, jaundice

LIVER FX test

A

gemfibrozil (Lopid), fenofibrate (TriCor) - fibrates

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7
Q

vasodilator to treat angina and acute CP d/t MI

HA, hypotension, dizzy, bradycardia, syncope

DO NOT GIVE C/ VIAGRA

HOLD FOR HR <60/SBP <90

A

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Dur), isosorbide (Isordil)

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8
Q

Acts like Ca+ blocker—> treats SVT
IV—> short 1/2 life, push FAST thru IV

A

adenosine

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8
Q

Minimizes Ca+ into cell—> decreased contraction

Torsades de point

A

magnesium

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9
Q

Class 1- Na+ channel blocker—> decreases contraction rate

Ventricular dysrhythmias, MI, cardiac cath/surgery

Hypotension, bradycardia, other dysrhythmias

Teragtrogenic

OTC cold/asthma/appetite suppressants -> irregular HR

A

lidocaine

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10
Q

Na+ channel blocker—> slows conduction—> AFIB

BB: fatal arrhythmias & death c/ recent MI

Worsening HF, widened QRS, dysrhythmias.

Heart blocks, HF

OTC asthma, cold, appetite—> irregular HR

A

flecainide (Tambocor)

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11
Q

K+ channel blocker-> slows depolarization/refractory—>slowed HR

Life threatening ventricular/atrial tachy dysrhythmias

BB: long term use= fatal pulmonary toxicity

Heart block, HF, teratogenic.

GRAPEFRUIT, B blockers, digoxin, phenytoin

OTC cold/asthma/appetite—> irregular HR

A

amioderone (Cordarone)

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12
Q

Ca+ channel blockers

Vasodilators in smooth muscle—> HTN, stable angina

Reflex tachy, Vasodilatory (HA, dizzy, flushing), gingival hyperplasia, peripheral edema

D-D, GRAPEFRUIT, HEART BLOCK

A

nifedipine (Adalat), amlodipine (Procardia)

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13
Q

Ca+ channel blockers—> slower conduction—>atrial tachycardia

Dizzy, bradycardia, HEART BLOCK

OTC cold/asthma/appetite suppressants—>irregular HR

HOLD HR<60/SBP<90

A

diltiazem (Cardizem), verapamil (Calan)

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14
Q

cardiac glycoside (inhibit Na+, K+)—> increase contractility (Ca+)—> HF

Push thru IV SLOWLY-5MIN

NARROW WINDOW 0.5-2

Ventricular dysrhythmias, AV block, hypokalemia

D-D, HERBAL

TAKE SAME TIME/ 1HR ac ANTACID

Hold HR <60

Antidote = DIGIBIND (antigen binding fragments)

A

digoxin (Lanoxin)

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15
Q

Sympathomimetics—> Beta 1 agonist—> increased CO

SEVERE HF (*short term)

Tachy, dysrhythmias, angina

MAOIs, TCA, GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Monitor I&O

A

dobutamine, dopamine

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16
Q

ACE inhibitors (-pril)

Decreased vasoconstriction, increased vasodilation. K+ retention

HTN & HF

Dry cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, angioedema, taste distortions, rash

TERATOGENIC, LIVER DX, NSAIDS, SALT SUBS

A

captopril, lisinopril, elanopril, ramipril

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17
Q

ARBs (-sartan)

Vasodilation & retention of K+—> HTN

Angioedema, dizzy, hypotension, HA, insomnia

TERATOGENIC, NSAIDS, RENAL DYSFX

A

losartan, valsartan, irbesartan (Cozaar, Diovan, Avapro)

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18
Q

K+ sparing diuretic (aldosterone antagonist)—> HF, ascites (liver dx), HTN <3

Give c/ food

Dizzy, HA, abd cramping, diarrhea

TERATOGENIC, INC RISK HYPERKALEMIA C/ ACE/ARBS

I&O/ weights/ SALT SUB

A

spironolactone (Alactone)

19
Q

Loop diuretics—> inhibits Na+, K+, Cl reabsorption—>RAPID relief edema

(HF, HTN, renal, liver dx)

Push thru IV SLOWLY- ototoxic)

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypotension

Hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

CRE, BUN, GFR

LITHIUM TOXICITY, OTHER OTOTOXIC, DIGOXIN

A

furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumax), torsemide (Demadex)

20
Q

Distal convoluted tube—> inhibits reabsorption of Na+, Cl, H20 & H2C03

HTN, edema d/t HF (*must have renal fx)

Give c/ food

Electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia)

Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia

LITHIUM TOXICITY

CRE, BUN, GFR, I&O

A

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) chlorothiazide (Diuril)

21
Q

Retention of K+ & excretion of H20 & Na+

HTN & sx of HF s/p MI

Up to 4 wks for effect

Hyperkalemia

TERATOGENIC, AVOID K+ INCREASING MEDS, LITHIUM, NSAIDS

A

eplerenone (Inspra), spironolactone (Aldactone)

22
Q

Prevents synthesis of vit-K in liver—> prevention of clotting (thromboembolic dx)

DVT, PE, Afib, mechanical heart valve

Up to 3-5 days for effect, INR 2-3 (too thin or too thick?)

Bleeding—>NARROW WINDOW. ETOH, GI, thrombocytopenia

TERATOGENIC, D-D, HERBS

Antidote = VIT. K

A

warfarin (Coumadin)

23
Q

Inhibits platelet aggravation—> MI, CVA/TIA, Coronary stents

GI upset, renal damage, bleeding

Caution c/ anticoags, Ibuprofen decreases effects

ACE/ARBs increase renal damage

ETOH increases bleeding

SALICYLISM = TOXICITY (tinnitus, HA, dizzy)

A

aspirin (ASA)

24
Q

Inhibits platelet aggravation—> MI, CVA/TIA, coronary stents

Give c/ food, effects last 7-10d

GI upset, bleeding risk, renal damage

Caution c/ ulcers, bleeding dx, ETOH, herbal

Bruising/petechiae= thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A

clopidogrel (Plavix)

25
Q

Mimics erythropoietin in marrow= increased RBCs

Chronic renal failure, pre-op anemia, HIV treatment

Bolus 1-3 min

HTN, increased risk cardiac/CVA (Hg >11), progression malignancies

CA pts, dialysis= more heparin

Monitor Hg levels (if over 12 (10 CA pts), signs MI/CVA

A

epstein alfa (Epogen), darbepoetin alfa

26
Q

Inhibits factor Xa & thrombin —> block clotting

Blood clots or risk for MI, ischemic stroke, post-op prophylaxis

Bleeding, heparin induced thrombocytopenia

NSAIDS, BLEEDING DX

Antidote = PROTAMINE SULFATE

A

heparin, enoxaparin (Lovenox)

27
Q

Thrombolytic (plasminogen—>plasmin= breaks fibrin clot) *plasmin prevents clots

CVA (3-4hr) MI (2hr) IV patency

EXTREME BLEEDING (ICH)

Recent surgery, head trauma, known aneurysm, active bleed, HTN

CBC & coag labs

Antidote = AMINOCAPROIC ACID (AMICAR)

A

Alteplase (TPA)

28
Q

Necessary RBC component

GI upset, dark stools

Antacids decrease absorption

Iron toxicity—> antidote = DEFEROXAMINE

A

ferrous sulfate (Feosol), iron dextran

29
Q

Anemia

PO, Sub-Q, IM, intranasal

Hypokalemia

A

cyanocobalamin (B12)

30
Q

Anemia

PO, Sub-Q, IM, IV

ETOH abuse, malabsorption, pregnancy

Monitor reticulocyte count to determine effect

A

Folate

31
Q

Folate, B12, Iron (Ferrous)

A

Anemia

32
Q

Spironolactone
Chlorothiazide/Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide/bumetanide/torsemide

A

Diuretics

33
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin
altepase (TPA)
Epoetin alfa/dabepoetin alfa
Clopidogrel
Aspirin
Warfarin

A

Clotting disorders

34
Q

Doxazosin, prazosin (Alpha 1 blockers)
Captopril, lisinopril, enaloprin, ramipril (ACE)
Losartan, valsartan, irbesartan (ARBs)
Nifedipine, amlodipine (Ca+ channel blockers)
Hydralazine
Atenolol, metoprolol, carvedilol (Beta blockers)

A

HTN + vasodilation

35
Q

Milrinone
Dobutamine
Digoxin

A

Short term HF (increase CO)

36
Q

Statins
Fibrates

A

Cholesterol

37
Q

Dilt & verapamil (Ca+- atrial tach)
Flecainide (Na+- Afib (BB))
Amioderone (K+- ventricular/a tachy (BB))
Adenosine
Magnesium
lidocaine

A

Antiarrhythmics

38
Q

Beta Blockers (-lol)

-dipine Calcium blockers

Hydralazine

Thiazide diuretics

ACE

SBP>180/ DBP >120

A

Emergency HTN

39
Q

lidocaine

A

ventricular dysrhythmias

40
Q

flecainide

A

atrial flutter / a-fib

41
Q

amiodarone

A

ventricular / atrial tachy-dysrhythmias

42
Q

diltiazem

A

atrial tachycardias

43
Q

adenosine

A

supra-ventricular tachycardia

44
Q

magnesium

A

torsades de pointe

45
Q

Life-threatening dysrhythmias, N/V, blurred vision/halos, yellow tinged vision, HA, drowsiness, confusion

A

digoxin toxicity

45
Q

Life-threatening dysrhythmias, N/V, blurred vision/halos, yellow tinged vision, HA, drowsiness, confusion

A

digoxin toxicity

Pharm - Exam 2 (2 decks)

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