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Adult Health 2 Exam 1 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

SABA

A

-Short acting beta 2 agonists
-Albuterol, Levalbuterol
-Relax bronchial smooth muscles
-Stimulates both beta 1 and 2 receptors

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2
Q

SAMA

A

-Short acting muscarinic antagonsits (anticholinergics)
-Ipratropium, atropine
-Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscles, block Ach
-Slower onset 4-6 hours

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3
Q

LABA

A

-Long acting Beta 2 agonists
-Salmeterol, Formoterol
-Maintenance inhaler, preventing exacerbation

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4
Q

LAMA

A

Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists
-Maintenance and long term control
-Tiotropium Bromide

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5
Q

Albuterol

A

SABA

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6
Q

Levalbuterol

A

SABA

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7
Q

Ipratropium

A

SAMA

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8
Q

Atropine

A

SAMA

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9
Q

Salmeterol

A

LABA

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10
Q

Formoterol

A

LABA

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11
Q

Tiotropium Bromide

A

LAMA

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12
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

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13
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled Corticosteorids

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14
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

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15
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

-Dec airway inflammation and edema by inhibiting effects of histamine
-Side effects: throat irritation and oral thrush

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16
Q

Theophylline

A

Methylxanthine
-therapeutic range 5-15 mcg/mL
-Chemically R/T caffeine
-Side effects: tachycardia, hypotension, N/V, seizures

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17
Q

Methylxanthines

A

-Decreases mucosal edema and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

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18
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

-Systemic Corticosteroids

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19
Q

Prednisolone

A

Systemic Corticosteroids

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20
Q

Prednisone

A

Systemic Corticosteroids

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21
Q

Systemic Corticosteroids

A

-Block reaction to allergen and reduce hyper reactivity of airways
-Side effects: Blood glucose abnormalities, increased appetite, fluid retention, weight gain, mood alteration, hypertension, peptic ulcer

22
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids

A

Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Triamcinolone

23
Q

Cromolyn

A

Mast Cell stabilizer
-Helps prevent bronchospasm and further inflammation
-Good for exercise induced asthma when used 10-20 min before
-Not effective in acute attack

24
Q

Leukotriene Antagonist

A

-Blocks broncho constrictor effects of leukotrienes
-Block inflammation

25
Q

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

26
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

27
Q

Isoniazid

A

-TB treatment
-Kills actively growing mycobacteria
-Avoid antacids, take on empty stomach
-Take B vitamins (B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
-Avoid alcohol (hepatotoxic)

28
Q

Rifampin

A

-TB treatment
-Kills slower growing organisms
-Orange-Red stain of skin and fluids (can stain contacts)
-Avoid alcohol- hepatotoxic

29
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

-TB treatment
-Increases uric acid- may have gout flare ups
-Drink more water to dilute uric acid
-Increases photosensitivity
-Avoid alcohol

30
Q

Ethambutol

A

-Inhibits bacterial synthesis
-Slow acting
-Increases uric acid levels- gout
-Report vision changes
-Avoid alcohol

31
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

-“prils”, lisinopril, enalapril
-blocks conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 blocking vasoconstriction and decreasing SVR (the pipes, somewhat whats in the pipes)
-*Report cough or angioedema
-Monitor electrolytes (K sparing)

32
Q

ARBS- Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers

A

-“sartans”, losartan, candesartan
-Blocks effects of angiotensin 2 blocking vasoconstriction and decreasing SVR (the pipes, somewhat what’s in the pipes)
- Monitor electrolytes (K sparing)

33
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitors

A

-Aliskiren
-Inhibits action of enzyme renin causing blocking of conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 (the pipes, somewhat what’s int he pipes)

34
Q

Cardioselective Beta Blockers

A

-Atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol, nebivolol
-Selectively blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors slowing HR, contractility, and SA_AV node transmission (negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action) (the pump)
- Never stop med abruptly- rebound HTN and tachycardia

35
Q

Non Cardioselective Beta Blockers

A

-Propanolol, Nadolol, tomolol, acebutolol, penbutolol, pindolol
-Blocks all beta adrenergic receptors of SNS, slowing HR, contractility, SA-AV node transmission (the pump)
-neg inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action
-CONTRAINDICATED in COPD, heart block, bradycardia, asthma

36
Q

Alpha and Beta Non selective Beta Blockers

A

-Carvedilol, labetalol
- Blocks beta 1+2 receptors and alpha 1 receptors (in blood vessels), slowing HR, contractility and SA-AV node transmission (neg inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action) and peripheral vasodilation, decreasing SVR (the pump and the pipes)
-Can be used in asthma and COPD clients

37
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers- Dihydropyridines

A

-“dipines”, nifedipine, amlodipine, clevidipine
-Inhibits calcium ion influx across membranes, vasodilatory effects on coronary arteries and peripheral arterioles (negative ionotropic, chronotropic, NOT neg dromotropic doesn’t affect speed), increasing oxygen to heart muscle (pump and pipes)

38
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers- Nondihydropyridines

A

-Verapamil, diltiazem
-Inhibits calcium ion influx across membranes, decreases afterload (SVR) and slows velocity of cardiac impulse (negative ionotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action) pump and pipes

39
Q

Centrally-Acting Alpha-2 Agonists

A

-Clonidine, Methyldopa
-Acts on centrally located alpha 2 receptors which block sympathetic outflow (the pump)
-Contraindicated in severe coronary artery disease
-Methyldopa can be used in pregnancy

40
Q

Diuretics Thiazide

A

-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, indapamide
-Decrease blood volume, renal blood flow, cardiac output, directly affect vascular smooth muscle (pipes, whats in the pipes)
-Contraindicated in hx of gout, hyponatremia, sulfa allergy, reduced kidney function

41
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

-Furosemide, Bumetanide
-Volume depletion by clocking reabsorption of NaCl in the renal tubules (what’s in the pipes)

42
Q

K+ Sparing Diuretics

A

-Amiloride, Triamterene
-Volume depletion by clocking reabsorption of NaCl in the distal renal tubules independent of aldosterone (decreases cardiac output) what’s in the pipes

43
Q

Aldosterone Antagonist Diuretics

A

-Spironolactone- also potassium sparing
-Competitively inhibits aldosterone binding resulting in sodium and water loss (what’s in the pipes)

44
Q

Alpha 1 Antagonists

A
  • “zosins” doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin
    -blocks alpha receptors in the peripheral blood vessels causing vasodilation, similar to direct vasodilators, causes decreased SVR (the pipes)
    -first dose effect risk
45
Q

Direct Vasodilators

A

-Hydralazine (can be given in preg), minoxidil, nitroprusside
-Directly affects smooth muscle of blood vessels causing vasodilation and decreased SVR (the pipes)

46
Q

Short Acting Nitrates

A

-Decrease oxygen demand and/or increase oxygen supply, treats acute angina symptoms
-Dilate peripheral and coronary veins- decrease blood return to heart- decreased demand
-Dilates arteries- increased blood supply
-repeat every 5 minutes for three doses max

47
Q

Long-Acting Nitrates

A

-Reduce incidence of angina
-Side effects- headache, orthostatic hypotension

48
Q

Anti-platelet and Anticoagulant- ASA

A

Aspirin
-Weak inhibitor of platelet aggregation compared to other anti-platelet drugs

49
Q

Anti-platelet and Anticoagulent

A

Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine
-thienpyridine ADP receptor antagonist that irreversibly binds to P2Y12 receptor, inhibiting ADP receptors on platelets, preventing them from aggregating and causing blood clots

50
Q

Heparin

A

-Inactivating thrombin in clotting process
-Antidote- Protamine Sulfate

51
Q

Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA agents

A

-Tirofiban
-potent platelet inhibitors, prevent platelets from binding together

Adult Health 2 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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