Medications Flashcards
SABA
-Short acting beta 2 agonists
-Albuterol, Levalbuterol
-Relax bronchial smooth muscles
-Stimulates both beta 1 and 2 receptors
SAMA
-Short acting muscarinic antagonsits (anticholinergics)
-Ipratropium, atropine
-Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscles, block Ach
-Slower onset 4-6 hours
LABA
-Long acting Beta 2 agonists
-Salmeterol, Formoterol
-Maintenance inhaler, preventing exacerbation
LAMA
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists
-Maintenance and long term control
-Tiotropium Bromide
Albuterol
SABA
Levalbuterol
SABA
Ipratropium
SAMA
Atropine
SAMA
Salmeterol
LABA
Formoterol
LABA
Tiotropium Bromide
LAMA
Beclomethasone
Inhaled Corticosteroids
Fluticasone
Inhaled Corticosteorids
Triamcinolone
Inhaled Corticosteroids
Inhaled Corticosteroids
-Dec airway inflammation and edema by inhibiting effects of histamine
-Side effects: throat irritation and oral thrush
Theophylline
Methylxanthine
-therapeutic range 5-15 mcg/mL
-Chemically R/T caffeine
-Side effects: tachycardia, hypotension, N/V, seizures
Methylxanthines
-Decreases mucosal edema and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Methylprednisolone
-Systemic Corticosteroids
Prednisolone
Systemic Corticosteroids
Prednisone
Systemic Corticosteroids
Systemic Corticosteroids
-Block reaction to allergen and reduce hyper reactivity of airways
-Side effects: Blood glucose abnormalities, increased appetite, fluid retention, weight gain, mood alteration, hypertension, peptic ulcer
Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Triamcinolone
Cromolyn
Mast Cell stabilizer
-Helps prevent bronchospasm and further inflammation
-Good for exercise induced asthma when used 10-20 min before
-Not effective in acute attack
Leukotriene Antagonist
-Blocks broncho constrictor effects of leukotrienes
-Block inflammation
Montelukast
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
Isoniazid
-TB treatment
-Kills actively growing mycobacteria
-Avoid antacids, take on empty stomach
-Take B vitamins (B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
-Avoid alcohol (hepatotoxic)
Rifampin
-TB treatment
-Kills slower growing organisms
-Orange-Red stain of skin and fluids (can stain contacts)
-Avoid alcohol- hepatotoxic
Pyrazinamide
-TB treatment
-Increases uric acid- may have gout flare ups
-Drink more water to dilute uric acid
-Increases photosensitivity
-Avoid alcohol
Ethambutol
-Inhibits bacterial synthesis
-Slow acting
-Increases uric acid levels- gout
-Report vision changes
-Avoid alcohol
ACE inhibitors
-“prils”, lisinopril, enalapril
-blocks conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 blocking vasoconstriction and decreasing SVR (the pipes, somewhat whats in the pipes)
-*Report cough or angioedema
-Monitor electrolytes (K sparing)
ARBS- Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers
-“sartans”, losartan, candesartan
-Blocks effects of angiotensin 2 blocking vasoconstriction and decreasing SVR (the pipes, somewhat what’s in the pipes)
- Monitor electrolytes (K sparing)
Direct Renin Inhibitors
-Aliskiren
-Inhibits action of enzyme renin causing blocking of conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 (the pipes, somewhat what’s int he pipes)
Cardioselective Beta Blockers
-Atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol, nebivolol
-Selectively blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors slowing HR, contractility, and SA_AV node transmission (negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action) (the pump)
- Never stop med abruptly- rebound HTN and tachycardia
Non Cardioselective Beta Blockers
-Propanolol, Nadolol, tomolol, acebutolol, penbutolol, pindolol
-Blocks all beta adrenergic receptors of SNS, slowing HR, contractility, SA-AV node transmission (the pump)
-neg inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action
-CONTRAINDICATED in COPD, heart block, bradycardia, asthma
Alpha and Beta Non selective Beta Blockers
-Carvedilol, labetalol
- Blocks beta 1+2 receptors and alpha 1 receptors (in blood vessels), slowing HR, contractility and SA-AV node transmission (neg inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action) and peripheral vasodilation, decreasing SVR (the pump and the pipes)
-Can be used in asthma and COPD clients
Calcium Channel Blockers- Dihydropyridines
-“dipines”, nifedipine, amlodipine, clevidipine
-Inhibits calcium ion influx across membranes, vasodilatory effects on coronary arteries and peripheral arterioles (negative ionotropic, chronotropic, NOT neg dromotropic doesn’t affect speed), increasing oxygen to heart muscle (pump and pipes)
Calcium Channel Blockers- Nondihydropyridines
-Verapamil, diltiazem
-Inhibits calcium ion influx across membranes, decreases afterload (SVR) and slows velocity of cardiac impulse (negative ionotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic action) pump and pipes
Centrally-Acting Alpha-2 Agonists
-Clonidine, Methyldopa
-Acts on centrally located alpha 2 receptors which block sympathetic outflow (the pump)
-Contraindicated in severe coronary artery disease
-Methyldopa can be used in pregnancy
Diuretics Thiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, indapamide
-Decrease blood volume, renal blood flow, cardiac output, directly affect vascular smooth muscle (pipes, whats in the pipes)
-Contraindicated in hx of gout, hyponatremia, sulfa allergy, reduced kidney function
Loop Diuretics
-Furosemide, Bumetanide
-Volume depletion by clocking reabsorption of NaCl in the renal tubules (what’s in the pipes)
K+ Sparing Diuretics
-Amiloride, Triamterene
-Volume depletion by clocking reabsorption of NaCl in the distal renal tubules independent of aldosterone (decreases cardiac output) what’s in the pipes
Aldosterone Antagonist Diuretics
-Spironolactone- also potassium sparing
-Competitively inhibits aldosterone binding resulting in sodium and water loss (what’s in the pipes)
Alpha 1 Antagonists
- “zosins” doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin
-blocks alpha receptors in the peripheral blood vessels causing vasodilation, similar to direct vasodilators, causes decreased SVR (the pipes)
-first dose effect risk
Direct Vasodilators
-Hydralazine (can be given in preg), minoxidil, nitroprusside
-Directly affects smooth muscle of blood vessels causing vasodilation and decreased SVR (the pipes)
Short Acting Nitrates
-Decrease oxygen demand and/or increase oxygen supply, treats acute angina symptoms
-Dilate peripheral and coronary veins- decrease blood return to heart- decreased demand
-Dilates arteries- increased blood supply
-repeat every 5 minutes for three doses max
Long-Acting Nitrates
-Reduce incidence of angina
-Side effects- headache, orthostatic hypotension
Anti-platelet and Anticoagulant- ASA
Aspirin
-Weak inhibitor of platelet aggregation compared to other anti-platelet drugs
Anti-platelet and Anticoagulent
Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine
-thienpyridine ADP receptor antagonist that irreversibly binds to P2Y12 receptor, inhibiting ADP receptors on platelets, preventing them from aggregating and causing blood clots
Heparin
-Inactivating thrombin in clotting process
-Antidote- Protamine Sulfate
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA agents
-Tirofiban
-potent platelet inhibitors, prevent platelets from binding together
